Turov F O, Yatsyk S P, Krapivkin A I, Vrublevsky S G, Mamedov I S, Perevezentsev O A
V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Scientific and Practical Center of Specialized Medical Care for Children, Moscow, Russia.
FGBOU DPO RMANPO, Moscow, Russia.
Urologiia. 2025 Mar(1):141-147.
The second most common reason for prescribing antibiotics in children is urinary tract infection (UTI). Since antimicrobial stewardship is a priority in the further development of strategies of the treatment of children with UTIs, the need to form an optimal model for its diagnosis and treatment is relevant in pediatric urology.
To analyze domestic and foreign publications devoted to the study of the urinary tract microbiome in children.
Cultivation or culturing methods continue to be considered the "gold standard" in many countries for the diagnosis of bacterial infections, although more sensitive and specific technologies are available. A urine sample was previously considered sterile if uropathogens did not grow using standard techniques. It remains unclear whether standard microbial culturing methods are adequate to determine species diversity and identify all microorganisms capable of causing UTIs. A study of the bladder microbiome and maintenance of its homeostasis to prevent inflammatory lower urinary tract diseases is an emerging area of research. It is known that the bladder of a healthy person contains non-uropathogenic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, which are believed to function as an immune system and protect against the effects of uropathogens.
儿童使用抗生素的第二大常见原因是尿路感染（UTI）。由于抗菌药物管理是进一步制定儿童UTI治疗策略的重点，因此在儿科泌尿外科中，建立其诊断和治疗的最佳模型具有重要意义。
分析国内外关于儿童泌尿道微生物群研究的出版物。
尽管有更敏感和特异的技术，但在许多国家，培养或培养方法仍被视为诊断细菌感染的“金标准”。如果使用标准技术未培养出尿路病原体，尿液样本以前被认为是无菌的。目前尚不清楚标准微生物培养方法是否足以确定物种多样性并识别所有能够引起UTI的微生物。对膀胱微生物群及其稳态维持以预防下尿路炎症性疾病的研究是一个新兴的研究领域。已知健康人的膀胱中含有非尿路致病性细菌，如乳酸杆菌，它们被认为具有免疫系统的功能，并能抵御尿路病原体的影响。
