Reynolds W M, Miller K L
Appl Res Ment Retard. 1985;6(3):295-306. doi: 10.1016/0270-3092(85)90003-7.
Depression and learned helplessness were examined in a sample of 26 educably mentally retarded (EMR) adolescents and a matched (on age, sex, and race) group of 26 nonmentally retarded adolescents. Depression and learned helplessness were assessed using the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale (RADS) and Mastery Orientation Inventory (MOI), respectively. Results indicated that EMR adolescents manifested significantly (p less than .001) greater depressive symptomatology than their nonmentally retarded peers. Sex differences were also found, with females demonstrating greater depression scores in both groups. Analysis of severity of symptom endorsement showed significant group differences on items reflecting somatic, self-evaluative, and behavioral components of depression, with mentally retarded subjects demonstrating higher scores. Mentally retarded adolescents were found to score higher (p less than .001) on the learned helplessness measure than nonmentally retarded adolescents. Given the problematic nature of depression noted in large sample epidemiological studies of nonmentally retarded adolescents, the results of this investigation indicate that depression in EMR adolescents is an affective characteristic in need of further study.
对26名可教育的智力迟钝（EMR）青少年样本以及与之匹配（在年龄、性别和种族方面）的26名非智力迟钝青少年进行了抑郁和习得性无助的研究。分别使用雷诺兹青少年抑郁量表（RADS）和掌握取向量表（MOI）对抑郁和习得性无助进行评估。结果表明，EMR青少年比非智力迟钝的同龄人表现出显著更高（p小于0.001）的抑郁症状。还发现了性别差异，两组中的女性抑郁得分都更高。对症状认可严重程度的分析表明，在反映抑郁的躯体、自我评估和行为成分的项目上存在显著的组间差异，智力迟钝的受试者得分更高。发现智力迟钝的青少年在习得性无助测量上的得分高于非智力迟钝的青少年（p小于0.001）。鉴于在对非智力迟钝青少年的大样本流行病学研究中指出的抑郁问题性质，本调查结果表明，EMR青少年的抑郁是一种需要进一步研究的情感特征。
