Esbensen Anna J, Rojahn Johannes, Aman Michael G, Ruedrich Stephen
The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
J Autism Dev Disord. 2003 Dec;33(6):617-29. doi: 10.1023/b:jadd.0000005999.27178.55.
A review of the literature revealed that there was no adequate assessment instrument available that screens comprehensively for anxiety and depression in persons with mental retardation. The purpose of this research was to develop the Anxiety, Depression, and Mood Scale (ADAMS), an instrument intended to fill this gap. We developed a preliminary rating scale that included 55 symptom items. We examined the factor structure of these items by an exploratory factor analysis of behavior ratings on 265 individuals. A five-factor solution emerged that was both statistically sound and clinically meaningful. These factors were labeled "Manic/Hyperactive Behavior," "Depressed Mood," "Social Avoidance," "General Anxiety" and "Compulsive Behavior." We validated this solution by conducting a confirmatory factor analysis on ratings of 268 additional individuals. Model fit was acceptable. Internal consistency of the subscales and retest reliability for both the total scale and the subscales was high. Interrater reliability was satisfactory. The validity of the ADAMS was assessed with a clinical sample of 129 individuals with mental retardation who were seen in a psychiatric clinic; this provided additional support for the subscales. The ADAMS appears to be a psychometrically sound instrument for screening anxiety, depression and mood disorders among individuals with mental retardation.
文献综述显示，目前尚无一种能全面筛查智力障碍者焦虑和抑郁情况的合适评估工具。本研究的目的是开发焦虑、抑郁和情绪量表（ADAMS），以填补这一空白。我们编制了一个包含55个症状条目的初步评定量表。通过对265名个体的行为评定进行探索性因素分析，我们考察了这些条目的因素结构。结果出现了一个五因素结构，该结构在统计学上合理且具有临床意义。这些因素被标记为“躁狂/多动行为”、“抑郁情绪”、“社交回避”、“广泛性焦虑”和“强迫行为”。我们通过对另外268名个体的评定进行验证性因素分析来验证这一结构。模型拟合度可以接受。分量表的内部一致性以及总量表和分量表的重测信度都很高。评定者间信度令人满意。我们用一个在精神科诊所就诊的129名智力障碍个体的临床样本对ADAMS的效度进行了评估；这为分量表提供了额外支持。ADAMS似乎是一种在心理测量学上可靠的工具，可用于筛查智力障碍个体中的焦虑、抑郁和情绪障碍。
