Naskar Sayan, Prajapati Anjali, Kaur Rupinder
Laboratory of Fungal Pathogenesis, BRIC-Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Inner Ring Road, Uppal, Hyderabad, Telangana 500039, India.
Graduate Studies, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.
FEMS Yeast Res. 2025 Jan 30;25. doi: 10.1093/femsyr/foaf025.
Nakaseomyces glabratus (Candida glabrata) is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen of high priority that shares an ancestor with the non-pathogenic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Candida glabrata causes infections of the mucosal surfaces as well as fatal deep-seated tissue infections in immunocompromised individuals. The co-resistance to two commonly used antifungal drug classes, azoles and echinocandins, is increasingly being reported in clinical isolates of C. glabrata all over the world, which poses a significant threat to the successful treatment of C. glabrata infections. Acquisition of drug resistance in hospital settings is a complex multifaceted process that is governed by various factors including antimicrobial stewardship. This review summarizes both the key clinical antifungal resistance mechanisms, and the contribution of cellular stress signaling pathways to drug resistance acquisition in C. glabrata. Specifically, we discuss the emerging concepts regarding the role of mitochondrial functions, epigenetic modifications, and the host niche in the development of drug resistance. Lastly, we outline some potential areas for future research that will enable us to better understand the drug evolutionary dynamics of this important human fungal pathogen.
光滑念珠菌（以前称为光滑假丝酵母）是一种具有高度致病性的机会性人类真菌病原体，与非致病性酵母酿酒酵母拥有共同的祖先。光滑念珠菌会引发免疫功能低下个体的黏膜表面感染以及致命的深部组织感染。世界各地的光滑念珠菌临床分离株中，越来越多地报告了对两种常用抗真菌药物类别（唑类和棘白菌素类）的共同耐药性，这对光滑念珠菌感染的成功治疗构成了重大威胁。在医院环境中获得耐药性是一个复杂的多方面过程，受包括抗菌药物管理在内的多种因素控制。本综述总结了关键的临床抗真菌耐药机制，以及细胞应激信号通路对光滑念珠菌耐药性获得的贡献。具体而言，我们讨论了关于线粒体功能、表观遗传修饰和宿主微环境在耐药性发展中的作用的新观念。最后，我们概述了一些未来研究的潜在领域，这将使我们能够更好地理解这种重要人类真菌病原体的耐药进化动态。
