接受B细胞耗竭疗法的多发性硬化症患者对新冠疫苗具有持久的T细胞免疫。

Durable T cell immunity to COVID-19 vaccines in MS patients on B cell depletion therapy.

作者信息

Davis-Porada Julia, Tozlu Ceren, Aiello Claudia, Apostolidis Sokratis A, Bar-Or Amit, Bove Riley, Espinoza Diego A, Ferreira Brito Sugeidy, Jacobs Dina, Kakara Mihir, Onomichi Kaho, Ricci Adelle, Sabatino Joseph J, Walker Elizabeth, Wherry E John, Zhang Lili, Zhu Wen, Xia Zongqi, De Jager Philip, Wesley Sarah Flanagan, Straus Farber Rebecca, Farber Donna L

机构信息

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.

Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.

出版信息

NPJ Vaccines. 2025 May 17;10(1):98. doi: 10.1038/s41541-025-01151-8.

DOI:10.1038/s41541-025-01151-8

PMID:40382362

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12085558/

Abstract

Immune-mediated protection generated to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines is associated with anti-Spike (S) protein neutralizing antibodies. However, humoral immunity is compromised in B cell depleting (BCD) therapies, used to treat autoimmune diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS). To study the effect of BCD on the durability and protective efficacy of vaccine-induced immunity, we evaluated S-reactive antibodies and T cell responses 1-70 weeks post-vaccination in MS cohorts treated with BCD compared to non-BCD therapies from four centers. BCD-treated participants had significantly reduced antibody levels and enhanced frequencies of S-reactive CD4 and CD8 memory T cells to COVID-19 vaccination compared to the non-BCD group, with some variations among different BCD formulations. T cell memory responses persisted up to 14 months post-vaccination in both BCD and non-BCD cohorts, who experienced similar clinical protection from COVID-19. Together, our results establish a critical role for T cell-mediated immunity in anti-viral protection independent of humoral immunity.

摘要

针对新冠病毒mRNA疫苗产生的免疫介导保护作用与抗刺突（S）蛋白中和抗体有关。然而，用于治疗自身免疫性疾病如多发性硬化症（MS）的B细胞耗竭（BCD）疗法会损害体液免疫。为了研究BCD对疫苗诱导免疫的持久性和保护效力的影响，我们评估了来自四个中心接受BCD治疗的MS队列与接受非BCD治疗的队列在接种疫苗后1至70周的S反应性抗体和T细胞反应。与非BCD组相比，接受BCD治疗的参与者针对新冠病毒疫苗接种的抗体水平显著降低，而S反应性CD4和CD8记忆T细胞的频率增加，不同的BCD制剂之间存在一些差异。在接种疫苗后长达14个月的时间里，BCD和非BCD队列中的T细胞记忆反应均持续存在，两组在预防新冠病毒方面获得了相似的临床保护。我们的研究结果共同表明，T细胞介导的免疫在独立于体液免疫的抗病毒保护中起关键作用。