Miao Sun, Zhang Yanyan, Wu Linjun, Wang Yongjun, Zuo Jiane
State Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Sustainability, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
State Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Sustainability, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China; Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China.
Water Res. 2025 Sep 1;283:123811. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123811. Epub 2025 May 12.
Antibiotic production wastewater (APW) contains multiple substances known to select for and facilitate horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs); however, whether these substances can induce the evolution of antibiotic resistance in real wastewater environments and the fate of such resistance induction potency during the treatment process are poorly understood, nor are its relationship with wastewater quality parameters and function in shaping the antibiotic resistome. In this study, the impacts of filter-sterilized APW and municipal wastewater on the resistance selection of Escherichia coli and the transfer dynamics of conjugative RP4 plasmid-borne ARGs across indigenous sludge communities were evaluated. The resistance development and transfer processes were accelerated in APW owing to enhanced growth inhibition, oxidative stress, and membrane permeability, with antibiotic concentrations much lower than their minimum inhibition concentrations. The effects were reduced simultaneously with the removal of COD and NHN, but APW effluents still exhibited significant resistance induction potency with wastewater quality parameters meeting discharge standards. In contrast, municipal wastewater did not result in any detectable changes. Based on the metagenomic assembly and binning, stronger resistance induction potency in the antibiotic production wastewater treatment plant endowed indigenous sludge and effluent with greater accumulation, genetic mobility, and pathogenic accessibility of ARGs than in the municipal wastewater treatment plant. Antibiotic resistome assembly was determined primarily by deterministic processes, driven jointly by resistance induction potency, mobilome variance, and microbiome shifts. These results provide novel insights into the application of bioassays to comprehensively evaluate the antibiotic resistance induction effects of APW and their relationships with the resistome to manage risks during the treatment process.
抗生素生产废水（APW）含有多种已知可选择并促进抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）水平基因转移（HGT）的物质；然而，这些物质是否能在实际废水环境中诱导抗生素抗性的进化以及这种抗性诱导能力在处理过程中的命运却知之甚少，其与废水质量参数的关系以及在塑造抗生素抗性组中的作用也不清楚。在本研究中，评估了过滤除菌的APW和城市污水对大肠杆菌抗性选择以及接合型RP4质粒携带的ARGs在本地污泥群落中的转移动力学的影响。由于生长抑制增强、氧化应激和膜通透性增加，APW中的抗性发展和转移过程加速，抗生素浓度远低于其最低抑菌浓度。随着化学需氧量（COD）和氨氮（NHN）的去除，这些影响同时降低，但APW流出物在废水质量参数符合排放标准时仍表现出显著的抗性诱导能力。相比之下，城市污水没有导致任何可检测到的变化。基于宏基因组组装和分箱，抗生素生产废水处理厂中更强的抗性诱导能力使本地污泥和流出物比城市污水处理厂具有更高的ARGs积累、遗传流动性和致病性可及性。抗生素抗性组的组装主要由确定性过程决定，由抗性诱导能力、可移动基因组变异和微生物群落变化共同驱动。这些结果为应用生物测定法全面评估APW的抗生素抗性诱导效应及其与抗性组的关系以管理处理过程中的风险提供了新的见解。
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