Schreiner Vera, Mehring Marion, Kleemann Janina, Hauck Jennifer, Knauß Stefan, Poßer Christian, Schleyer Christian, Potthast Thomas, Grunewald Karsten, Fürst Christine, Müller Jennifer, Albert Christian, Egerer Monika, Haase Dagmar, Jähnig Sonja C, Kaiser Josef, Sanders Tanja Gm, Sommer Pia, Wellmann Thilo, Keil Peter, Wittmer Heidi
Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Geosciences and Geography, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
ISOE - Institute for Social-Ecological Research, Hamburger Allee 45, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center SBiK-F, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
J Environ Manage. 2025 Jun;386:125663. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125663. Epub 2025 May 17.
Current human activities have led to fundamental changes in ecosystems, including the loss of biodiversity, which increasingly leads to irreversible negative impacts on society. Although called for in many policy documents, the debate on how to initiate, promote and specifically support socio-ecological transformations for the conservation and restoration of biodiversity is still in its early stages. So far, efforts to protect biodiversity were only partially successful. Therefore, there is a need for approaches to promote societal change for the benefit of biodiversity. We analysed 22 case studies of biodiversity-enhancing societal processes and projects in Germany to understand barriers and success factors and to identify features that support transformative change towards sustainability and biodiversity mainstreaming. Following Wittmer et al. (2021), the following topics were analysed: a) orientation towards a shared and compelling vision that enables biodiversity conservation or enhancement (transformative vision), b) the role of (different types of) knowledge about how to change the system (transformative knowledge), c) navigating the dynamics inherent in changing development pathways (transformational dynamics), d) enabling emancipated action and opening spaces for creative participation of different social groups (emancipation and agency), and e) targeted interventions that aim to enable governance for transformation. This article discusses lessons learned from examples in Germany to support future transformative processes for biodiversity conservation, restoration and biodiversity mainstreaming. It identifies 16 features, enabling transformative change for biodiversity, many of which may be applicable in other countries with similar governance contexts. These characteristics suggest that a structured and well-informed approach, based on a broad range of communication, engagement, negotiation, and stakeholder involvement efforts throughout the process, is well-suited for developing and implementing proposals. While in some small cases indirect drivers were addressed, achieving this on a broader scale is the largest remaining challenge.
当前的人类活动已导致生态系统发生根本性变化，包括生物多样性丧失，这日益对社会造成不可逆转的负面影响。尽管许多政策文件都呼吁采取行动，但关于如何启动、促进并具体支持社会生态转型以保护和恢复生物多样性的辩论仍处于初期阶段。到目前为止，保护生物多样性的努力仅取得了部分成功。因此，需要采取措施推动有利于生物多样性的社会变革。我们分析了德国22个促进生物多样性的社会进程和项目的案例研究，以了解障碍和成功因素，并确定支持向可持续性和生物多样性主流化转变的变革性变化的特征。按照维特默等人（2021年）的方法，分析了以下主题：a）以共同且有说服力的愿景为导向，以实现生物多样性的保护或增强（变革性愿景）；b）（不同类型的）关于如何改变系统的知识的作用（变革性知识）；c）应对发展路径变化中固有的动态（变革性动态）；d）促进解放行动并为不同社会群体的创造性参与开辟空间（解放与能动性）；e）旨在实现变革性治理的有针对性干预措施。本文讨论了从德国的案例中吸取的经验教训，以支持未来保护生物多样性、恢复生物多样性以及将生物多样性纳入主流的变革性进程。它确定了16个有助于生物多样性变革性变化的特征，其中许多特征可能适用于治理背景相似的其他国家。这些特征表明，在整个过程中基于广泛的沟通、参与、谈判和利益相关者参与努力的结构化且信息充分的方法，非常适合制定和实施相关提议。虽然在一些小案例中涉及了间接驱动因素，但在更广泛的范围内实现这一点仍是最大的剩余挑战。
