Brugge Doug, Eliasziw Misha, Mertl Amy, Palma Sharly, Morson Chermaine, Vazquez-Dodero Teresa, Goldstein-Gelb Warren, Gurcan Anil, Kunwar Sangita, Gates Hunter, Hersey Scott Oakley, Majluf Francesca, Zamore Wig
Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Farmington and Storrs, CT, USA.
Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2025 Jun 20;982:179683. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179683. Epub 2025 May 17.
Temperature is a time varying factor that is associated with blood pressure and has the potential to be a confounder in randomized crossover trials.
We assessed the effect of temperature on blood pressure within the Home Air Filtration for Traffic-Related Air Pollution study, a randomized crossover trial of air purifiers in homes. We assessed the association of blood pressure with both outdoor and indoor temperatures using 190 paired blood pressure measurements that were not affected by the presence of air purifiers in the preceding month.
Mean (standard error) peripheral systolic blood pressure was observed to change by +0.24 (0.09) mmHg per 1 °F colder outdoor temperature and by -0.28 (0.07) mmHg per 1 °F warmer (P < 0.001). Results were similar, although somewhat smaller for peripheral diastolic blood pressure. Associations were nearly identical for central blood pressures. We found much smaller effects for indoor temperatures, none of which approached statistical significance, as indoor temperatures were more stable and did not change as much over the study period.
Despite the cooling and warming of outdoor temperatures being associated with increases and decreases in blood pressure, we believe that outdoor temperature may also be a surrogate marker of particulate matter air pollution. Regardless of the underlying mechanism, randomized trials using blood pressure as outcomes would be well advised to measure temperature and consider it a potential time-varying confounder in the analyses.
温度是一个随时间变化的因素，与血压相关，并且在随机交叉试验中有可能成为一个混杂因素。
在“家庭空气过滤与交通相关空气污染”研究中，我们评估了温度对血压的影响，该研究是一项关于家用空气净化器的随机交叉试验。我们使用190对不受前一个月空气净化器影响的血压测量值，评估了血压与室外和室内温度的关联。
观察到平均（标准误差）外周收缩压每降低1华氏度室外温度变化 +0.24（0.09）mmHg，每升高1华氏度变化 -0.28（0.07）mmHg（P < 0.001）。外周舒张压的结果相似，尽管幅度稍小。中心血压的关联几乎相同。我们发现室内温度的影响要小得多，且均未达到统计学显著性，因为室内温度更稳定，在研究期间变化不大。
尽管室外温度的降低和升高分别与血压的升高和降低相关，但我们认为室外温度也可能是颗粒物空气污染的一个替代指标。无论潜在机制如何，建议以血压为结局的随机试验测量温度，并在分析中考虑其作为一个潜在的随时间变化的混杂因素。
