Li Lu, Hou Ruitian, Mai Zan, Liang Li, Li Zheng, Long Bin, Chen Lin, Feng Ping, Yang Baojun, Yang Lijie, Tang Lianhua, Wang Peizhi, Zhong Fan, Chu Mei, Liang Huichao, Tang Xiaoping
Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2025 May 2;15:1551602. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1551602. eCollection 2025.
Physiological and immunological adaptations during pregnancy may elevate the risk of adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. This retrospective study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics of pregnant women and the maternal and neonatal outcomes during pregnancy following Omicron BA.5 variant infection.
Clinical and laboratory data from 208 pregnant women with Omicron BA.5 infection were analyzed, including intrapartum and postpartum records of 24 infected parturients and their neonates, with comparisons made to uninfected controls. Multiple specimen types, including placental membranes and amniotic fluid, were collected for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection.
Among 208 infected pregnant women, 91.8% (191/208) had received at least one dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. BA.5 infection in pregnant women exhibited viral load, clearance time and symptom profiles comparable to the general population, with no severe or critical illness being found. No significant differences were noted between pregnant women over and under 35 years. BA.5 infection reduced the white blood cell counts but did not aggravate the hypercoagulability compared to the uninfected controls. Neonates of infected mothers showed a higher rate of intrauterine hypoxia than those controls. However, no SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detectable in any of the neonatal oropharyngeal swabs as well as maternal specimens, including placental membranes, amniotic fluid, vaginal secretions, breast milk, venous blood and ascites.
This study demonstrates favorable maternal and neonatal outcomes in vaccinated pregnant women with BA.5 infection following timely medical intervention. Neonates born to infected mothers have an extremely low risk of vertical transmission. Nevertheless, enhanced prenatal care for pregnant women with COVID-19 remains essential to mitigate adverse neonatal outcomes.
孕期的生理和免疫适应可能会增加与严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）感染相关的不良围产期和新生儿结局的风险。这项回顾性研究旨在探讨感染奥密克戎BA.5变异株的孕妇的临床特征以及孕期的母婴结局。
分析了208例感染奥密克戎BA.5的孕妇的临床和实验室数据，包括24例感染产妇及其新生儿的产时和产后记录，并与未感染的对照组进行比较。收集了多种标本类型，包括胎盘膜和羊水，用于SARS-CoV-2 RNA检测。
在208例感染的孕妇中，91.8%（191/208）至少接种了一剂SARS-CoV-2灭活疫苗。孕妇感染BA.5后的病毒载量、清除时间和症状表现与普通人群相当，未发现重症或危重症病例。35岁及以上和35岁以下的孕妇之间未发现显著差异。与未感染的对照组相比，BA.5感染降低了白细胞计数，但未加重高凝状态。感染母亲的新生儿宫内缺氧发生率高于对照组。然而，在任何新生儿口咽拭子以及母亲的标本中，包括胎盘膜、羊水、阴道分泌物、母乳、静脉血和腹水中，均未检测到SARS-CoV-2 RNA。
本研究表明，接种疫苗的孕妇感染BA.5后，经过及时的医疗干预，母婴结局良好。感染母亲所生新生儿的垂直传播风险极低。尽管如此，加强对新冠病毒感染孕妇的产前护理对于减轻不良新生儿结局仍然至关重要。
