Alsalem Moayyad, Alsaleh Ahmad M, Alamri Abdulmjeed, Bogari Mohammed, Alghamdi Basil, Aloufi Alwaleed K, Niaz Abdulelah
Internal Medicine, Psychiatry Section, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU.
Psychiatry, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, SAU.
Cureus. 2025 Apr 16;17(4):e82368. doi: 10.7759/cureus.82368. eCollection 2025 Apr.
Background Psychiatric disorders are conditions that affect thinking, behavior, and overall mental health, influencing daily functioning and quality of life. Chronic diseases are persistent health conditions that necessitate ongoing medical treatment and management. This study aims to assess the prevalence of chronic medical diseases among individuals with psychiatric disorders in Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, utilizing electronic health records from May 2016 to December 2024. The study included psychiatric patients aged ≥17 years. A minimal sample size of 296 was determined using Raosoft software (Raosoft Inc., Seattle, Washington, United States), assuming the prevalence of 50%, a 95% confidence level, and a 5% margin of error. Data were collected using a random sampling technique and categorized into three sections: demographic characteristics, psychiatric diagnoses and treatments, and chronic disease status. Pearson's Chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test were used to assess associations between psychiatric disorders and chronic diseases. Results A total of 361 psychiatric patients (median age of 54 years) were included, with 222 (61%) patients being female and 272 (77%) being unemployed. A total of 202 patients (56%) were diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD), 81 (22%) were diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and 32 (8.9%) had bipolar disorder; 290 psychiatric patients (80.33%) had a chronic disease and 188 patients (52.1%) used selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). MDD with psychotic symptoms (p=0.025), conversion disorder (p=0.038), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (p<0.0001) were not associated with chronic diseases. Bipolar disorder and adjustment disorder were significantly associated with cancer (p=0.033, p=0.006). PTSD was linked to hypertension (p=0.033) and diabetes (p=0.014), while delirium was significantly associated with ischemic heart disease (p<0.001) and stroke (p=0.004). Conclusion The high prevalence of chronic diseases among psychiatric patients emphasizes the need for integrated healthcare approaches to manage comorbid conditions effectively. Addressing mental and physical health simultaneously may improve patient outcomes and quality of life.
精神障碍是影响思维、行为和整体心理健康的状况，会影响日常功能和生活质量。慢性疾病是需要持续医疗治疗和管理的持续性健康状况。本研究旨在评估沙特阿拉伯精神障碍患者中慢性疾病的患病率。
在吉达的阿卜杜勒阿齐兹国王医疗城进行了一项回顾性队列研究，利用2016年5月至2024年12月的电子健康记录。该研究纳入了年龄≥17岁的精神科患者。使用Raosoft软件（美国华盛顿州西雅图的Raosoft公司）确定最小样本量为296，假设患病率为50%，置信水平为95%，误差幅度为5%。数据采用随机抽样技术收集，并分为三个部分：人口统计学特征、精神科诊断和治疗以及慢性病状况。使用Pearson卡方检验和Fisher精确检验来评估精神障碍与慢性疾病之间的关联。
共纳入361名精神科患者（中位年龄54岁），其中222名（61%）为女性，272名（77%）为失业者。共有202名患者（56%）被诊断为重度抑郁症（MDD），81名（22%）被诊断为广泛性焦虑症（GAD），32名（8.9%）患有双相情感障碍；290名精神科患者（80.33%）患有慢性疾病，188名患者（52.1%）使用选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂（SSRI）。伴有精神病性症状的MDD（p = 0.025）、转换障碍（p = 0.038）和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）（p < 0.0001）与慢性疾病无关。双相情感障碍和适应障碍与癌症显著相关（p = 0.033，p = 0.006）。PTSD与高血压（p = 0.033）和糖尿病（p = 0.014）有关，而谵妄与缺血性心脏病（p < 0.001）和中风（p = 0.004）显著相关。
精神科患者中慢性疾病的高患病率强调了需要综合医疗保健方法来有效管理合并症。同时解决精神和身体健康问题可能会改善患者的预后和生活质量。
