Chen Li-Zhen, Zheng Peng-Fei, Cai Qi, Chen Run-Nan
Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Putian City, Putian, Fujian, China.
College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Putian University, Fujian, China.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2025 May 2;13:1597387. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1597387. eCollection 2025.
Respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and lung cancer, exhibit elevated death rates and pathological intricacy, requiring advancements that surpass the constraints of traditional therapies. This study comprehensively outlines the novel applications of nanomaterials in respiratory medicine by accurately modulating the pulmonary mechanical microenvironment, encompassing alveolar surface tension, extracellular matrix rigidity, and the immune-fibroblast interaction network. The precise delivery, stimuli-responsive characteristics, and biomimetic design of nanomaterials markedly improve drug concentration at the lesion site and mitigate fibrosis, inflammation, and malignant tumor advancement by disrupting mechanical signaling pathways. The study clarifies their multifaceted benefits in treating COPD, IPF, and lung cancer, including decreased systemic toxicity and improved spatiotemporal control. Nonetheless, clinical translation continues to encounter obstacles, including impediments in large-scale production, inadequate compatibility with breathing devices, and disputes concerning long-term biosafety. In the future, the amalgamation of precision medicine, adaptive smart materials, and multi-omics artificial intelligence technologies will facilitate the development of individualized diagnostic and therapeutic systems, establishing a novel paradigm for the proactive management of respiratory disorders. This review offers essential theoretical foundations and technical approaches for the practical application of nanomaterials and the enhancement of therapeutic techniques in respiratory medicine.
包括慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）、特发性肺纤维化（IPF）和肺癌在内的呼吸系统疾病，死亡率高且病理复杂，需要超越传统治疗限制的进展。本研究通过精确调节肺机械微环境，包括肺泡表面张力、细胞外基质硬度和免疫-成纤维细胞相互作用网络，全面概述了纳米材料在呼吸医学中的新应用。纳米材料的精确递送、刺激响应特性和仿生设计显著提高了病变部位的药物浓度，并通过破坏机械信号通路减轻纤维化、炎症和恶性肿瘤进展。该研究阐明了它们在治疗COPD、IPF和肺癌方面的多方面益处，包括降低全身毒性和改善时空控制。尽管如此，临床转化仍面临障碍，包括大规模生产的阻碍、与呼吸设备的兼容性不足以及关于长期生物安全性的争议。未来，精准医学、自适应智能材料和多组学人工智能技术的融合将促进个性化诊断和治疗系统的发展，为呼吸系统疾病的主动管理建立新的范例。本综述为纳米材料的实际应用以及呼吸医学治疗技术的提升提供了重要的理论基础和技术方法。
