Sun Yuxue, Liu Jiafei, Pi Xiaowen, Kemp Alyssa H, Guo Mingruo
College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2024 Dec 15;13(12):1535. doi: 10.3390/antiox13121535.
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a powerful antioxidant. However, the poor water solubility and low bioavailability still remain challenges for its application. An embedded delivery system of CoQ10 based on whey protein concentrate (WPC) and polymerized whey protein concentrate (PWPC) was prepared, and the physicochemical properties, antioxidant capacity and bioavailability were characterized in this study. Both groups of nanoparticles showed a particle size distribution from 241 to 331 nm in the protein-to-CoQ10 mass ratio range of 100:1 to 20:1. In addition, the minimum polydispersity index value was observed at the mass ratio of 20:1. Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis revealed that the CoQ10 was successfully dispersed in the WPC and PWPC particles through hydrophobic interaction in both groups in addition to the hydrogen bond present in the WPC group. All nanoparticles exhibited irregular spherical or aggregate structure in the transmission electron microscopy diagram. The PWPC-based nanoparticles showed a slightly higher antioxidant capacity than that of the WPC, and both values were significantly higher than that of its corresponding physical mixture and free CoQ10 ( < 0.05). The results of the simulated gastrointestinal digestion experiments denoted that these two nanoparticles could protect CoQ10 from gastric digestion and then deliver it to the intestine. Compared with its free state, the bioavailability of CoQ10 embedded in WPC and PWPC increased by nearly 7.58 times and 7.48 times, respectively. The data indicated that WPC and PWPC could be effective delivery carriers to enhance the bioavailability of active substances like CoQ10.
辅酶Q10（CoQ10）是一种强大的抗氧化剂。然而，其较差的水溶性和低生物利用度仍然是其应用面临的挑战。本研究制备了一种基于乳清蛋白浓缩物（WPC）和聚合乳清蛋白浓缩物（PWPC）的辅酶Q10包埋递送系统，并对其理化性质、抗氧化能力和生物利用度进行了表征。在蛋白质与辅酶Q10质量比为100:1至20:1的范围内，两组纳米颗粒的粒径分布均在241至331nm之间。此外，在质量比为20:1时观察到最小多分散指数值。差示扫描量热法和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析表明，除了WPC组中存在的氢键外，两组中的辅酶Q10均通过疏水相互作用成功分散在WPC和PWPC颗粒中。在透射电子显微镜图中，所有纳米颗粒均呈现不规则球形或聚集体结构。基于PWPC的纳米颗粒的抗氧化能力略高于WPC，且两者的值均显著高于其相应的物理混合物和游离辅酶Q10（P<0.05）。模拟胃肠道消化实验结果表明，这两种纳米颗粒可以保护辅酶Q10免受胃消化，然后将其递送至肠道。与游离状态相比，包埋在WPC和PWPC中的辅酶Q10的生物利用度分别提高了近7.58倍和7.48倍。数据表明，WPC和PWPC可以作为有效的递送载体来提高辅酶Q10等活性物质的生物利用度。
