Biomonitoring of exposure to potential mutagens and carcinogens in industrial populations.

Methods for monitoring exposure to potential industrial mutagens and carcinogens fall into two distinct groups. The tests in the first group measure the concentration of the substance, of its metabolites or of the products of its reaction with cellular macromolecules, in biological media. Such tests include the determination of urinary metabolites of the chemical, the measurement of nucleic-acid or protein adducts and the determination of urinary thioethers. The second group comprises assays of biological endpoints that may be the result of the organism's reaction to exposure. These endpoints include chromosomal aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes and sister chromatid exchanges. Each test has advantages and limitations that will affect its suitability for use in specific industrial situations.