Joelsson Jon Petur, Karason Sigurbergur
University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Lab Anim Res. 2025 May 19;41(1):14. doi: 10.1186/s42826-025-00240-y.
Risk of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is an inevitable and precarious accompaniment of ventilator treatment in critically ill patients worldwide. It can both instigate and aggravate acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) where the only prevention or treatment so far has been empirical approach of what is considered to be lung protective ventilator settings in an attempt to shield the lung tissues against the mechanical stress that unavoidably follows ventilator treatment. The weakened state of the patients limits clinical drug research and pushes for drug discovery in animal models. Mice and rats are often the choice of small animal model, representing about 95% of all laboratory animal studies, as their physiology can mimic that which is found in humans. Mice have been a more popular choice for ventilator studies but due to technical issues, there is some advantage gained in using rats as they are substantially larger. Inducing VILI and ARDS in these models can prove challenging and often the acute nature of the injury used to produce similar tissue damage as in humans does not necessarily fully reflect clinical reality. The aim of this review was to analyse and summarize methods of recent publications in the field, describing what approaches have been utilized to simulate these conditions, possibly identifying a common track enabling comparison of results between studies. However, the study shows a high variety of methods employed by researchers causing comparisons of results difficult and perhaps implying that a more standardized approach should be used.
在全球范围内，机械通气所致肺损伤（VILI）的风险是重症患者机械通气治疗不可避免且危险的伴随情况。它既能引发又能加重急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS），目前唯一的预防或治疗方法一直是采用经验性的所谓肺保护性通气设置，试图保护肺组织免受机械通气治疗不可避免带来的机械应力。患者的虚弱状态限制了临床药物研究，促使在动物模型中进行药物研发。小鼠和大鼠常被选作小动物模型，约占所有实验动物研究的95%，因为它们的生理机能可模拟人类情况。小鼠在机械通气研究中一直是更受欢迎的选择，但由于技术问题，使用大鼠有一些优势，因为它们体型大得多。在这些模型中诱导VILI和ARDS可能具有挑战性，而且用于产生与人类相似组织损伤的损伤的急性性质不一定能完全反映临床实际情况。本综述的目的是分析和总结该领域近期出版物中的方法，描述采用了哪些方法来模拟这些情况，可能找到一条共同途径以便比较各研究结果。然而，该研究表明研究人员采用的方法多种多样，导致结果比较困难，这或许意味着应采用更标准化的方法。
