Flug D, Largo R H, Prader A
Ann Hum Biol. 1985 Mar-Apr;12(2):161-8. doi: 10.1080/03014468500007651.
Symptoms related to menstruation are reported in 140 Swiss girls according to postmenarcheal and chronological age. Premenstrual abdominal pains were present in 9-28% of the girls, depending on postmenarcheal age (i.e. years after menarche) (2-30% depending on chronological age). Dysmenorrhoea occurred in 44-64% of the girls according to postmenarcheal age (51-67% according to chronological age). Occasional severe dysmenorrhoea was the type most often reported, by 20-35% of the girls. Large intra-individual and inter-individual variabilities in the occurrence and severity of dysmenorrhoea were observed. The frequency of dysmenorrhoea increased in the first three postmenarcheal years and decreased thereafter. The prevalence of premenstrual headache was low, 0-5%. The frequency of headache during menstruation was 2-11% according to postmenarcheal age (2-19% by chronological age) which was low in comparison with other studies. Severe menstrual headache was more often reported than mild headache. Frequency of severe headache decreased in higher age groups. Other reported symptoms related to menstruation were general discomfort in 1-10% of the girls and premenstrual vaginal discharge in 10-22% according to postmenarcheal age (3-17% according to chronological age). Severe vaginal discharge was more frequent than mild discharge, 8-20% versus 0-3%. The frequency of vaginal discharge increased from the first to the fourth year after menarche.
根据初潮后年龄和实际年龄，对140名瑞士女孩报告了与月经相关的症状。根据初潮后年龄（即初潮后的年数），9%-28%的女孩有经前腹痛（根据实际年龄为2%-30%）。根据初潮后年龄，44%-64%的女孩有痛经（根据实际年龄为51%-67%）。20%-35%的女孩报告的痛经类型多为偶发性严重痛经。观察到痛经的发生和严重程度存在较大的个体内和个体间差异。痛经频率在初潮后的头三年增加，此后下降。经前头痛的患病率较低，为0%-5%。根据初潮后年龄，月经期间头痛的频率为2%-11%（根据实际年龄为2%-19%），与其他研究相比这一频率较低。严重月经头痛的报告频率高于轻度头痛。高年龄组严重头痛的频率下降。报告的其他与月经相关的症状包括1%-10%的女孩有全身不适，根据初潮后年龄，10%-22%的女孩有经前白带（根据实际年龄为3%-17%）。严重白带比轻度白带更频繁，分别为8%-20%和0%-3%。白带频率从初潮后第一年到第四年增加。
