Fuchs S A, Edinger H M, Siegel A
Brain Res. 1985 Mar 18;330(1):77-92. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(85)90009-5.
The purpose of this study was to describe the hypothalamic pathways which mediate affective defense in the cat utilizing the methods of [14C]2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) and [3H]leucine radioautography in concert with the technique of electrical brain stimulation. The feline affective defense response, characterized by pupillary dilatation, piloerection, ear retraction, hissing, growling and striking with the forepaws, was elicited consistently by stimulation of sites within the ventromedial hypothalamus and anterior aspect of the medial hypothalamus. In one series of experiments, 2-DG autoradiography was employed to describe the brain regions activated following stimulation of sites in the region of the ventromedial hypothalamus from which affective defense had been elicited. Ventromedial hypothalamic stimulation produced activation primarily in forebrain regions situated rostral to the level of the stimulating electrode. These structures included principally the anteromedial hypothalamus and medial preoptic area, as well as the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis and anterior commissure, diagonal band and lateral septal area. The caudal extent of activation included only the dorsal and perifornical hypothalamus at the level of the stimulation site. In a second series of experiments, affective defense sites in the anteromedial hypothalamus were stimulated and the regional distribution of 2-DG label was identified. In contrast to the results obtained from ventromedial hypothalamic stimulation, these experiments revealed a marked descending distribution of label within the posterior hypothalamus, midbrain central gray and ventral tegmental area. Results obtained from studies in which tritiated amino acids were injected into affective defense sites in both the ventromedial nucleus and anteromedial hypothalamus confirmed the general findings observed with 2-DG autoradiography. From these observations, we have concluded that the organization of the pathway mediating affective defense behavior from the ventromedial hypothalamus to the midbrain involves an initial synapse within the region of the anteromedial hypothalamus and a second synapse in the midbrain central gray substance. The significance of the anteromedial hypothalamus for the expression of affective defense behavior was considered in the Discussion.
本研究的目的是利用[14C]2-脱氧葡萄糖（2-DG）和[3H]亮氨酸放射自显影技术，并结合脑电刺激技术，描述介导猫的情感防御的下丘脑通路。猫的情感防御反应的特征是瞳孔扩张、竖毛、耳朵后缩、嘶嘶叫、咆哮以及用前爪攻击，通过刺激腹内侧下丘脑和内侧下丘脑前部的部位可一致地引发该反应。在一系列实验中，采用2-DG放射自显影来描述在引发情感防御的腹内侧下丘脑区域的部位受到刺激后被激活的脑区。腹内侧下丘脑刺激主要在位于刺激电极水平前方的前脑区域产生激活。这些结构主要包括下丘脑前内侧和内侧视前区，以及终纹床核和前连合、斜角带和外侧隔区。激活的尾端范围仅包括刺激部位水平的背侧和穹窿周下丘脑。在第二系列实验中，刺激下丘脑前内侧的情感防御部位，并确定2-DG标记的区域分布。与腹内侧下丘脑刺激获得的结果相反，这些实验揭示了标记在下丘脑后部、中脑中央灰质和腹侧被盖区的明显下行分布。将氚标记氨基酸注入腹内侧核和下丘脑前内侧的情感防御部位的研究结果证实了2-DG放射自显影观察到的总体发现。从这些观察结果中，我们得出结论，介导从腹内侧下丘脑到中脑的情感防御行为的通路组织涉及下丘脑前内侧区域内的初始突触和中脑中央灰质中的第二个突触。在讨论中考虑了下丘脑前内侧对情感防御行为表达的意义。
