Shaikh M B, Barrett J A, Siegel A
Department of Neuroscience, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark 07103.
Brain Res. 1987 Dec 22;437(1):9-25. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(87)91522-8.
The purpose of this study was to describe the pathways which mediate feline affective defense and quiet biting attack behavior elicited from the midbrain central gray. In these experiments, methods of [3H]leucine and 2-deoxy-[14C]glucose (2-DG) radioautography were utilized in concert with the technique of electrical and chemical brain stimulation. Affective defense behavior elicited from the midbrain central gray is characterized by marked vocalization such as hissing and growling, pupillary dilatation, urination and piloerection. In contrast, quiet biting attack elicited from the midbrain central gray lacks overt autonomic signs observed with affective defense response as well as the stalking component which is typically associated with stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus. Nevertheless, central gray-elicited attack resulted in a directed bite of the neck of an anesthetized rat in a manner similar to that observed from the hypothalamus. Affective defense was elicited from the dorsal half of the midbrain central gray, while quiet biting attack was obtained following stimulation of the ventral half of the midbrain central gray, thus indicating a functional differentiation of the central gray with respect to these two forms of aggression. In a separate series of experiments, affective defense or quiet biting attack response was identified by electrical stimulation through a cannula electrode situated in the midbrain central gray. The affective defense responses were subsequently elicited following microinjections of D,L-homocysteic acid through the same cannula electrode in order to demonstrate that these responses were the result of direct stimulation of cell bodies within the central gray. Then, one of the following autoradiographic tracing procedures was utilized: (1) [3H]leucine was injected through a cannula electrode and the animal was sacrificed after a 4- to 14-day survival period; or (2) a 2-DG solution was systemically injected and electrical stimulation was applied through the cannula electrode in order to metabolically activate the pathways associated with each of these responses. In general, the pattern of labelled target regions as indicated by 3H-amino acid radioautography was similar to that obtained from the 2-DG autoradiographic analysis. The principal ascending pathway associated with affective defense was traced to the anteromedial hypothalamus and medial thalamus. Concerning descending projections, label was traced into the central tegmental fields of the midbrain and pons, locus coeruleus and motor and main sensory nuclei of the trigeminal complex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
本研究的目的是描述介导从中脑中央灰质引发的猫的情感防御和静咬攻击行为的神经通路。在这些实验中，[3H]亮氨酸和2-脱氧-[14C]葡萄糖（2-DG）放射自显影方法与脑电刺激和化学刺激技术协同使用。从中脑中央灰质引发的情感防御行为的特征是明显的发声，如嘶嘶声和咆哮声、瞳孔扩张、排尿和竖毛。相比之下，从中脑中央灰质引发的静咬攻击缺乏情感防御反应中观察到的明显自主神经体征以及通常与外侧下丘脑刺激相关的跟踪成分。然而，中央灰质引发的攻击导致以类似于从下丘脑观察到的方式直接咬向麻醉大鼠的颈部。情感防御从中脑中央灰质的背侧半部引发，而静咬攻击在刺激中脑中央灰质的腹侧半部后获得，这表明中央灰质在这两种攻击形式方面存在功能分化。在另一系列实验中，通过位于中脑中央灰质的套管电极进行电刺激来识别情感防御或静咬攻击反应。随后通过同一套管电极微量注射D，L-高胱氨酸来引发情感防御反应，以证明这些反应是中央灰质内细胞体直接刺激的结果。然后，采用以下放射自显影追踪程序之一：（1）通过套管电极注射[3H]亮氨酸，在4至14天的存活期后处死动物；或（2）全身注射2-DG溶液，并通过套管电极施加电刺激，以代谢激活与这些反应中的每一种相关的神经通路。一般来说，3H-氨基酸放射自显影所示的标记靶区模式与2-DG放射自显影分析获得的模式相似。与情感防御相关的主要上行通路追踪到下丘脑前内侧和丘脑内侧。关于下行投射，标记物追踪到中脑和脑桥的中央被盖区、蓝斑以及三叉复合体的运动和主要感觉核。（摘要截取自400字）
