Kwon Cheolho, Lee Jae Hwan, Kim Kun Yung, Lee Chong-Ho, Yoon Chang Jin, Yoon Sung-Hwan, Han Young-Min, Kim Minuk
Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea.
Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2025 May 20. doi: 10.1007/s00270-025-04062-2.
To evaluate the in vivo characteristics, degradation profile, and feasibility of a bioresorbable gelatin microsphere (R-GM) for controlled, temporary embolization in a porcine kidney model.
Six male farm pigs underwent transarterial embolization of the artery to the left kidney upper pole (LKUP) and to the right kidney upper pole (RKUP) using 100-300-µm-sized tris-acryl gelatin microsphere (T-GM) and R-GM, respectively. Follow-up angiography was performed in 2 h, 2 days, 1 week, 3 weeks, and 16 weeks to assess the presence of recanalization of the embolized arteries. Each pig was killed at each time point, and histopathologic analysis was performed to evaluate the presence of embolic agents, inflammatory reaction, and degree of tissue damage of the embolized renal segment.
On 2 h post-angiogram, LKUP was occluded, and RKUP was fully recanalized in all pigs. Parenchymal staining of the RKUP area was normalized at 2 h post-embolization and maintained until the 16-week follow-up. No R-GM or fragments were found in any specimens except for 2 days, but tris-acryl microspheres were observed in tissues with infarction with inflammatory changes until the 16-week follow-up. The levels of macrophages, giant cells, neovascularization, and fibrosis were higher in the LKUP compared to the RKUP at 1 week to 16 weeks (all, p < 0.05). The LKUP had a higher infarct area up to 97.17 ± 0.64% at 1 week compared to the RKUP, which had no infarction (0 ± 0%).
Temporary transarterial embolization using R-GM was feasible in vivo, achieving temporary occlusion followed by complete recanalization of the embolized vessel and minimal tissue damage.
No levels of Evidence (Experimental study).
在猪肾模型中评估生物可吸收明胶微球（R-GM）用于可控性临时栓塞的体内特性、降解情况及可行性。
6只雄性农场猪分别使用100 - 300μm大小的三丙烯酸明胶微球（T-GM）和R-GM对左肾上极（LKUP）动脉和右肾上极（RKUP）动脉进行经动脉栓塞。在2小时、2天、1周、3周和16周进行随访血管造影，以评估栓塞动脉再通情况。在每个时间点处死每头猪，并进行组织病理学分析，以评估栓塞剂的存在、炎症反应以及栓塞肾段的组织损伤程度。
血管造影术后2小时，所有猪的LKUP均被阻塞，而RKUP完全再通。栓塞后2小时，RKUP区域的实质染色恢复正常，并维持至16周随访。除2天外，在任何标本中均未发现R-GM或其碎片，但在直至16周随访时伴有炎症改变的梗死组织中观察到三丙烯酸微球。在1周 - 16周时，LKUP中的巨噬细胞、巨细胞、新生血管形成和纤维化水平高于RKUP（均p < 0.05）。与无梗死的RKUP（0±0%）相比，LKUP在1周时梗死面积高达97.17±0.64%。
使用R-GM进行临时经动脉栓塞在体内是可行的，可实现临时阻塞，随后栓塞血管完全再通且组织损伤最小。
无证据水平（实验研究）。
