Lekavičiūtė Roberta, Šopagienė Diana, Trakinienė Giedrė, Lopatienė Kristina
Faculty of Odontology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, J. Lukšos-Daumanto Str. 2, Kaunas, 50106, Lithuania.
Department of Radiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu Str. 2, Kaunas, 50161, Lithuania.
Sci Rep. 2025 May 20;15(1):17466. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-02547-1.
The growth and development of the maxillofacial complex share a common embryological origin with the cranial base and upper cervical spine; therefore, anomalies in these regions may be linked to variations in the skeletal pattern. This study aimed to evaluate the relationships between the morphological features of the sella turcica bridging, ponticulus posticus, posterior arch deficiency of the first cervical vertebra, known as the atlas, and the cervical vertebral maturation stages and vertical malocclusions. Randomly selected 300 pre-orthodontic treatment patients (aged 7 to 40 years) were divided into groups according to cervical stage (CS1-CS6) and type of vertical malocclusion. According to the study protocol, cephalometric analysis and evaluation of the sella turcica and atlas were performed twice by two researchers under the supervision of a radiologist. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 29.0. Sella turcica bridging was significantly more common in postpubertal patients (58.2%; p < 0.05). Ponticulus posticus and sella turcica bridging occurred more frequently in patients with low mandibular plane angle (43.3% and 51.1%, respectively), whereas atlas posterior arch deficiency occurred more frequently in patients with high mandibular plane angle (24.2%). However, only atlas posterior arch deficiency showed significant difference (p < 0.05). According to logistic regression, patients in the CS6 stage were less likely to have type 1 ponticulus posticus and more likely to have type 2 sella turcica bridging (p < 0.05). Patients with low angle were less likely to have atlas posterior arch deficiency (p < 0.05). Sella turcica bridging and atlas posterior arch deficiency are associated with the skeletal pattern and cervical stage. Sella turcica bridging was more prevalent during the postpubertal period, whereas atlas posterior arch deficiency was more prevalent in those with a high mandibular plane angle.
颌面复合体的生长发育与颅底和上颈椎有着共同的胚胎学起源；因此，这些区域的异常可能与骨骼模式的变化有关。本研究旨在评估蝶鞍桥接、后弓小骨、第一颈椎（即寰椎）后弓缺损的形态特征与颈椎成熟阶段及垂直错牙合之间的关系。随机选取300例正畸治疗前患者（年龄7至40岁），根据颈椎阶段（CS1-CS6）和垂直错牙合类型进行分组。根据研究方案，两名研究人员在放射科医生的监督下对蝶鞍和寰椎进行了两次头影测量分析和评估。使用SPSS 29.0进行统计分析。蝶鞍桥接在青春期后患者中明显更常见（58.2%；p<0.05）。后弓小骨和蝶鞍桥接在下颌平面角低的患者中更频繁出现（分别为43.3%和51.1%），而寰椎后弓缺损在下颌平面角高的患者中更频繁出现（24.2%）。然而，只有寰椎后弓缺损显示出显著差异（p<0.05）。根据逻辑回归分析，CS6阶段的患者出现1型后弓小骨的可能性较小，出现2型蝶鞍桥接的可能性较大（p<0.05）。低角患者出现寰椎后弓缺损的可能性较小（p<0.05）。蝶鞍桥接和寰椎后弓缺损与骨骼模式和颈椎阶段有关。蝶鞍桥接在青春期后更为普遍，而寰椎后弓缺损在下颌平面角高的患者中更为普遍。
