College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China.
Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China.
Sci Rep. 2024 Mar 4;14(1):5280. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-55840-w.
The association between craniocervical posture and craniofacial structures in the various sagittal skeletal malocclusion during different growth stages has been the focus of intense interest in fields of orthodontics, but it has not been conclusively demonstrated. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between craniofacial morphology and craniocervical posture in patients with sagittal skeletal malocclusion during different growth periods. A total of 150 from a large pool of cephalograms qualified for the inclusion and exclusion were evaluated and classified into three groups according to the Cervical Vertebral Maturation (CVM) by examining the morphological modifications of the second through fourth cervical vertebrae, each group consisted of 50 cephalograms. In each growth period, for the comparison of head and cervical posture differences among various skeletal classes, the radiographs were further subdivided into skeletal Class I (0° < ANB < 5°, n = 16), skeletal Class II (ANB ≥ 5°, n = 18), and skeletal Class III (0° ≤ ANB, n = 16) on the basis of their ANB angle. There was no significant difference in gender (P > 0.05). Some variables were found to be significant during pubertal growth and later in patients with sagittal skeletal malocclusion (P < 0.05). Most indicators describing craniocervical posture were largest in skeletal Class II and smallest in skeletal Class III during the peak growth periods and later. Cervical inclination variables were greater in skeletal Class III than in skeletal Class II. Variables of craniofacial morphology and craniocervical posture are more correlated during the pubertal growth period and later in patients with sagittal skeletal malocclusion. A tendency is an indication of the close interrelationship that a more extended head was in skeletal Class II while a flexed head was in skeletal Class III. Nevertheless, with the considerations of some limitations involved in this study, further longitudinal studies with large samples are required to elucidate the relationship clearly.
颅颈姿势与不同生长阶段矢状骨错颌畸形患者颅颌面结构的相关性一直是正畸领域的研究热点，但尚未得出明确结论。因此，本研究旨在探讨不同生长时期矢状骨错颌畸形患者颅颌面形态与颅颈姿势的相关性。
从大量头颅侧位片资料中筛选出符合纳入和排除标准的 150 例患者，通过观察第二至第四颈椎形态改变，采用颈椎椎体成熟度（Cervical Vertebral Maturation，CVM）分期法对患者进行分组，每个分期 50 例。
在每个生长时期，为了比较不同骨骼类型之间的头颈部姿势差异，根据 ANB 角将侧位片进一步分为骨骼Ⅰ类（0° < ANB < 5°，n = 16）、骨骼Ⅱ类（ANB ≥ 5°，n = 18）和骨骼Ⅲ类（0° ≤ ANB，n = 16）。
结果显示，在青春期生长和后期生长阶段，矢状骨错颌畸形患者的性别差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。部分变量在青春期生长和后期生长阶段有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。
在生长高峰期和后期，骨骼Ⅱ类的大多数描述颅颈姿势的指标最大，骨骼Ⅲ类最小。骨骼Ⅲ类的颈椎倾斜变量大于骨骼Ⅱ类。在青春期生长和后期生长阶段，矢状骨错颌畸形患者的颅颌面形态和颅颈姿势变量更相关。一种趋势表明，在骨骼Ⅱ类中，头颈部伸展程度更大，而在骨骼Ⅲ类中，头颈部弯曲程度更大。
然而，考虑到本研究存在一些局限性，需要进一步进行大样本的纵向研究，以明确两者之间的关系。
