Camejo Natalia, Castillo Cecilia, Amarillo Dahiana, Caraballo Guillermo, Fernandez Florencia, Fanco Maria Pia, Gazzola Mauro, Piñeiro Valeska, Rodriguez Serena, Herrera Guadalupe, Krygier Gabriel
Department of Oncology, Hospital de Clinicas, Montevideo, URY.
Department of Clinical Oncology, Hospital de Clinicas, Montevideo, URY.
Cureus. 2025 Apr 20;17(4):e82621. doi: 10.7759/cureus.82621. eCollection 2025 Apr.
Breast cancer (BC) ranks first in incidence and mortality among Uruguayan women. Healthy habits (HHs) - maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in regular physical activity, consuming fruits and vegetables (F&V), avoiding smoking, and limiting alcohol intake - are associated with better quality of life and reduced risk of recurrence. However, there is limited information on the prevalence of HH among Uruguayan women with BC.
This observational, descriptive, multicenter study included patients with stage I-III BC from public and private healthcare centers in Uruguay. Adherence to HH was assessed using a questionnaire based on the American Cancer Society guidelines, evaluating diet, physical activity, alcohol, and tobacco use. Patients were classified into low (0-2), moderate (3), and high adherence (4-5) groups. Associations with specific variables such as healthcare setting (private vs. public), age, cancer stage, and time since diagnosis were analyzed using the Chi-squared test.
A total of 209 patients were included. Overall, 80.8% (169 patients) adhered to three or more HH. Higher adherence was observed among patients attending private centers (89.6%, 69 patients) compared to public ones (75.7%, 100 patients; p=0.014). The most commonly met habits were non-smoking (88.9%; 95% CI: 84.0%-92.6%), low alcohol intake (99.0%; 95% CI: 96.6%-99.7%), and body mass index (BMI) <30 kg/m² (68.9%; 95% CI: 62.3%-74.8%). Lower adherence was seen for sufficient physical activity (55.5%; 95% CI: 48.7%-62.1%) and adequate F&V intake (31.6%; 95% CI: 25.7%-38.2%). No significant differences were found in adherence according to age, stage, or time since diagnosis.
Although 80.8% of patients adhered to at least three HHs, critical areas for improvement remain, particularly physical activity and F&V consumption, especially in the public sector. These findings highlight the need for targeted strategies to promote HH in BC patients to improve long-term outcomes and quality of life. Results should be interpreted with caution due to the use of self-reported questionnaires and the non-probabilistic nature of the sample.
在乌拉圭女性中，乳腺癌（BC）的发病率和死亡率位居首位。健康习惯（HHs）——保持健康体重、定期进行体育活动、食用水果和蔬菜（F&V）、避免吸烟以及限制酒精摄入——与更好的生活质量和降低复发风险相关。然而，关于乌拉圭乳腺癌女性中健康习惯的流行情况，相关信息有限。
这项观察性、描述性、多中心研究纳入了来自乌拉圭公立和私立医疗中心的I - III期乳腺癌患者。使用基于美国癌症协会指南的问卷评估对健康习惯的遵守情况，评估内容包括饮食、体育活动、酒精和烟草使用。患者被分为低（0 - 2项）、中（3项）和高遵守（4 - 5项）组。使用卡方检验分析与特定变量如医疗机构类型（私立与公立）、年龄、癌症分期以及确诊后的时间之间的关联。
共纳入209例患者。总体而言，80.8%（169例患者）遵守三项或更多健康习惯。与公立中心的患者（75.7%，100例）相比，私立中心的患者（89.6%，69例）遵守情况更高（p = 0.014）。最常达到的习惯是非吸烟（88.9%；95%置信区间：84.0% - 92.6%）、低酒精摄入（99.0%；95%置信区间：96.6% - 99.7%）以及体重指数（BMI）<30 kg/m²（68.9%；95%置信区间：62.3% - 74.8%）。充足的体育活动（55.5%；95%置信区间：48.7% - 62.1%）和足够的水果和蔬菜摄入（31.6%；95%置信区间：25.7% - 38.2%）的遵守情况较低。根据年龄、分期或确诊后的时间，在遵守情况方面未发现显著差异。
尽管80.8%的患者遵守至少三项健康习惯，但仍有需要改进的关键领域，特别是体育活动和水果及蔬菜的消费，尤其是在公共部门。这些发现凸显了针对乳腺癌患者推广健康习惯以改善长期预后和生活质量的针对性策略的必要性。由于使用了自我报告问卷以及样本的非概率性质，结果应谨慎解释。
