Wang Tingrong, Ma Hanping, Li Rui, Li Donghua, Shi Tianshan, Li Zhenjuan, Zou Zixuan, Ren Xiaowei
Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
Lanzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2025 Jul;98(4-5):437-450. doi: 10.1007/s00420-025-02141-y. Epub 2025 May 21.
In the current study, we explored the associations between exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) constituents and full-term small for gestational age (SGA) in different periods.
We included 155,897 participants, and matched the exposure concentrations of PM and its constituents [sulfate (SO), nitrate (NO), ammonium (NH), organic matter (OM), and black carbon (BC)] according to participants' geographical location. To explore the associations of prenatal exposure to PM and its constituents with the risk of full-term SGA, we used logistic regression, restricted cubic spline regression (RCS) and quartile g-computation (QGCOMP).
We found that individual exposure to PM and its constituents was positively associated with the risk of full-term SGA (P < 0.05), whether in the year before pregnancy or the entire pregnancy. These associations were more pronounced in the second trimester. We found that the risk of full-term SGA was positively and linearly related to the concentrations of PM and its constituents (P < 0.05, P > 0.05). The associations of PM and its constituents with full-term SGA were stronger in multiparous mothers. Moreover, full-term SGA was associated with exposure to mixtures of SO, NO, NH, OM, and BC before pregnancy and in the second and third trimester. Among these, BC was positively associated with full-term SGA at each of the aforementioned stages.
The risk of full-term SGA was positively and linearly related to concentrations of PM and its constituents, and these associations were more pronounced in the second trimester. BC was the most hazardous constituent of PM that was associated with full-term SGA.
在本研究中，我们探讨了不同时期暴露于细颗粒物（PM）成分与足月小于胎龄儿（SGA）之间的关联。
我们纳入了155,897名参与者，并根据参与者的地理位置匹配了PM及其成分[硫酸盐（SO）、硝酸盐（NO）、铵（NH）、有机物（OM）和黑碳（BC）]的暴露浓度。为了探讨产前暴露于PM及其成分与足月SGA风险之间的关联，我们使用了逻辑回归、受限立方样条回归（RCS）和四分位数g计算（QGCOMP）。
我们发现，无论是在怀孕前一年还是整个孕期，个体暴露于PM及其成分均与足月SGA风险呈正相关（P < 0.05）。这些关联在孕中期更为明显。我们发现足月SGA风险与PM及其成分的浓度呈正线性相关（P < 0.05，P > 0.05）。PM及其成分与足月SGA的关联在经产妇中更强。此外，足月SGA与怀孕前以及孕中期和孕晚期暴露于SO、NO、NH、OM和BC的混合物有关。其中，BC在上述每个阶段均与足月SGA呈正相关。
足月SGA风险与PM及其成分的浓度呈正线性相关，且这些关联在孕中期更为明显。BC是与足月SGA相关的PM最有害成分。
