Phimphilai Mattabhorn, Watthanawongkeeree Sridanai, Manosroi Worapaka
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2025 Aug;98(6):487-495. doi: 10.1007/s00420-025-02149-4. Epub 2025 May 21.
Southeast Asia faces problems with seasonal air pollution from biomass burning. Data regarding vitamin D deficiency and seasonal air pollution is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of seasonal air pollutants on vitamin D deficiency and the predictors of vitamin D deficiency during haze periods.
This prospective cohort study included 77 peri-menopausal women. All participants were enrolled and followed at the peak and low pollutant periods, respectively. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured at both points. Data regarding 24 h particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM) was obtained from the database of the Pollution Control Department of Thailand.
The ambient 24 h PM was higher (46.9 ± 4.7 µg/m vs. 11.2 ± 5.1 µg/m, P < 0.001) at the peak pollutant period. In contrast, serum 25(OH)D level was 18.8% lower, and the incidence of vitamin D deficiency was 45.4% higher at the peak pollutant period compared to those at the low pollutant period. Seasonal air pollutants were associated with an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency by 3.5 folds [OR 3.5 (95% CI 1.1-14.6)]. The ambient 24 h PM during the peak pollutant periods was an independent predictor of vitamin D deficiency. Its threshold of 20 µg/m demonstrated sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 75.0%, 85.7%, and 78.0%, respectively, to predict the occurrence of vitamin D deficiency.
Seasonal air pollutants increase the risk of vitamin D deficiency. The ambient 24 h PM at 20 µg/m demonstrated high diagnostic performance for vitamin D deficiency.
东南亚面临生物质燃烧导致的季节性空气污染问题。关于维生素D缺乏与季节性空气污染的数据有限。因此，本研究旨在确定季节性空气污染物对维生素D缺乏的影响以及霾期维生素D缺乏的预测因素。
这项前瞻性队列研究纳入了77名围绝经期妇女。所有参与者分别在污染物高峰期和低峰期入组并进行随访。在这两个时间点均测量血清25-羟基维生素D（25(OH)D）。关于直径小于2.5微米的24小时颗粒物（PM）的数据来自泰国污染控制部门的数据库。
在污染物高峰期，环境24小时PM更高（46.9±4.7微克/立方米 vs. 11.2±5.1微克/立方米，P<0.001）。相比之下，与低污染物期相比，污染物高峰期血清25(OH)D水平低18.8%，维生素D缺乏的发生率高45.4%。季节性空气污染物使维生素D缺乏风险增加3.5倍[比值比3.5（95%置信区间1.1-14.6）]。污染物高峰期的环境24小时PM是维生素D缺乏的独立预测因素。其20微克/立方米的阈值预测维生素D缺乏发生的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为75.0%、85.7%和78.0%。
季节性空气污染物增加维生素D缺乏风险。20微克/立方米的环境24小时PM对维生素D缺乏具有较高的诊断性能。
