Zhang Beibei, Tian Min, Yang Yahui, Qiu Yueqin, Wang Li, Xiao Hao, Zhu Xiaoping, Qin Limei, Yang Xuefen, Jiang Zongyong
Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong, China.
State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong, China.
Porcine Health Manag. 2025 May 21;11(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s40813-025-00440-x.
Maintaining the integrity of the structure and function of piglet intestines is crucial for their growth and health. This study aims to evaluate the effects of an antibiotic free diet supplemented with bile acid on gut health and growth performance of weaned piglets, and to explore their regulatory mechanisms.
Thirty-two weaned piglets were randomly divided into two groups and fed either a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 350 mg/kg bile acid.
Dietary supplementation with bile acid increased the average daily gain (ADG) and final weight of piglets, and reduced the diarrhea incidence (P < 0.05), which was verified to be related to the improvement of lipid absorption, amino acid transport, and intestinal barrier function. Bile acid increased the concentration of lipase and decreased the concentration of total cholesterol, total glyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and urea nitrogen in serum (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, bile acid improved the mRNA expression of amino acid transporters in the intestine. On the other hand, bile acid decreased the pH values of the stomach, jejunum, and colon, and improved intestinal morphology (P < 0.05). The real-time quantitative PCR results showed that bile acid increased the mRNA expression of Occludin and ZO-1 in the duodenum and ileum (P < 0.05). Moreover, dietary bile acid supplementation altered the composition of the ileal microbiota in piglets and increased the relative abundance of Ligilactobacillus. In vitro, bile acid improved the repair of IPEC-J2 cells after injury and was shown to be associated with the activation of farnesoid X receptors (FXR) and increased expression of tight junction proteins and aquaporins (AQPs) proteins.
This study found that dietary bile acid supplementation promotes the intestinal health and nutrient absorption partially through the FXR/AQPs pathway, ultimately improving growth performance of piglets.
维持仔猪肠道结构和功能的完整性对其生长和健康至关重要。本研究旨在评估添加胆汁酸的无抗生素日粮对断奶仔猪肠道健康和生长性能的影响，并探讨其调控机制。
将32头断奶仔猪随机分为两组，分别饲喂基础日粮或添加350 mg/kg胆汁酸的基础日粮。
日粮中添加胆汁酸可提高仔猪的平均日增重（ADG）和末重，并降低腹泻发生率（P<0.05），这被证实与脂质吸收、氨基酸转运和肠道屏障功能的改善有关。胆汁酸可提高血清中脂肪酶的浓度，并降低总胆固醇、总甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白和尿素氮的浓度（P<0.05）。同时，胆汁酸可改善肠道中氨基酸转运体的mRNA表达。另一方面，胆汁酸可降低胃、空肠和结肠的pH值，并改善肠道形态（P<0.05）。实时定量PCR结果显示，胆汁酸可提高十二指肠和回肠中闭合蛋白（Occludin）和紧密连接蛋白1（ZO-1）的mRNA表达（P<0.05）。此外，日粮中添加胆汁酸可改变仔猪回肠微生物群的组成，并增加 Ligilactobacillus 的相对丰度。在体外，胆汁酸可改善 IPEC-J2 细胞损伤后的修复，并被证明与法尼醇X受体（FXR）的激活以及紧密连接蛋白和水通道蛋白（AQPs）蛋白表达的增加有关。
本研究发现，日粮中添加胆汁酸可部分通过FXR/AQPs途径促进肠道健康和营养吸收，最终提高仔猪的生长性能。
