Yao Linlin, Guo Yunhe, Wang Yi, Li Junya, Sun Jiazheng, Liu Yanna, Shi Jianbo, Qu Guangbo, Jiang Guibin
School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
Environ Health (Wash). 2025 Jan 29;3(5):504-514. doi: 10.1021/envhealth.4c00229. eCollection 2025 May 16.
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is considered a health hazard; however, the inadequate identification of the components of PM limits our understanding of its specific toxic pollutants. Herein, by combining three extraction solvents with different polarities (dichloromethane, hexane, and acetonitrile) and three ionization modes (electron ionization and the positive and negative modes of electrospray ionization), we comprehensively analyzed the organic chemicals in the PM and PM samples collected during summer and winter in Beijing. Suspect screening was facilitated by comparison with the mzCloud and the National Institute of Standards and Technology databases for tentatively characterizing chemical identities. Results showed that more compounds were identified in the winter PM/PM samples than in the summer samples and that PM contained a greater number of chemicals than PM. Based on peak areas of compounds, the predominant pollutants in the winter PM/PM samples were phenols, amines, and aromatic compounds; however, significantly high responses of one phenol and two ester compounds were detected in the summer PM/PM samples. Based on the Tox21 toxicological database, a total of 60 identified pollutants were associated with 28 biological targets, and ∼50% of the active compounds were phenolic and aromatic compounds. The biological targets most affected by these pollutants were related to metabolic homeostasis, reproduction, and developmental functions. This study underscores the importance of a multiapproach analysis in comprehensively identifying environmental pollutants and highlights the potential health risks posed by PM.
大气颗粒物（PM）被认为对健康有害；然而，对PM成分的识别不足限制了我们对其特定有毒污染物的了解。在此，通过将三种不同极性的萃取溶剂（二氯甲烷、己烷和乙腈）与三种电离模式（电子电离以及电喷雾电离的正、负模式）相结合，我们全面分析了北京夏季和冬季采集的PM及PM样品中的有机化学物质。通过与mzCloud和美国国家标准与技术研究院数据库进行比较以初步确定化学身份，从而便于进行可疑物筛查。结果表明，冬季PM/PM样品中鉴定出的化合物比夏季样品更多，且PM中含有的化学物质比PM更多。基于化合物的峰面积，冬季PM/PM样品中的主要污染物为酚类、胺类和芳香族化合物；然而，在夏季PM/PM样品中检测到一种酚类和两种酯类化合物的响应显著较高。基于Tox21毒理学数据库，总共60种鉴定出的污染物与28个生物靶点相关，且约50%的活性化合物为酚类和芳香族化合物。受这些污染物影响最大的生物靶点与代谢稳态、生殖和发育功能有关。本研究强调了采用多种方法进行分析对于全面识别环境污染物的重要性，并突出了PM所带来的潜在健康风险。
