Zhang Xiaohan, Diao Zishan, Ma Hui, Xie Xiaomin, Wang Ying, Liu Xinyu, Yuan Xianzheng, Zhu Fanping
Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China; Sino-French Research Institute for Ecology and Environment, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China.
Minhang Environmental Monitoring Station of Shanghai, Shanghai 201199, PR China; Environmental Monitoring Station of Pudong New District, Shanghai 200135, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Dec 10;903:166352. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166352. Epub 2023 Aug 18.
The occurrence of 25 multi-class pollutants comprising phthalate esters (PAEs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and synthetic musks (SMs) were studied in PM samples collected at an industrial/commercial/residential/traffic mixed area in Shanghai during four seasons. During the whole period, a slight exceedance of the PM annual limit was observed, with an average of 36.8 μg/m, and PAEs were the most predominant, accounting for >70 % of the studied organic pollutants in PM, followed by PAHs and SMs. Statistically significant differences were observed for the concentrations of PM, PAEs, PAHs, and SMs in winter and summer. This seasonal variation could be derived from anthropogenic activities and atmospheric dynamics. Principal component analysis (PCA) and PAHs ratios suggested a mixed source mainly derived from vehicle emissions and industrial processes. Moreover, gaseous pollutants were also accounted for, indicating the emission of PAHs might accompany the NO emission process. Finally, inhalation of PM-bound organic pollutants for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were estimated as average values for each season, showing outside the safe levels in autumn and winter in some cases, suggesting that new policies should be to developed to reduce their emissions and protect human health in this area.
对在上海一个工业/商业/住宅/交通混合区域采集的四季PM样本中包含邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）、多环芳烃（PAHs）和合成麝香（SMs）的25种多类污染物的出现情况进行了研究。在整个期间，观察到PM年均限值略有超标，平均值为36.8μg/m，PAEs最为主要，占PM中所研究有机污染物的70%以上，其次是PAHs和SMs。冬季和夏季的PM、PAEs、PAHs和SMs浓度存在统计学上的显著差异。这种季节变化可能源自人为活动和大气动力学。主成分分析（PCA）和PAHs比值表明主要是源自车辆排放和工业过程的混合源。此外，还考虑了气态污染物，表明PAHs的排放可能伴随NO排放过程。最后，估算了每个季节吸入与PM结合的有机污染物的致癌和非致癌风险平均值，结果显示在某些情况下秋季和冬季超出了安全水平，这表明应制定新政策以减少其排放并保护该地区的人类健康。
