Potokar M, Grundler O J, Heusener A, Jung R, Mürmann P, Schöbel C, Suberg H, Zechel H J
Food Chem Toxicol. 1985 Jun;23(6):615-7. doi: 10.1016/0278-6915(85)90188-7.
Using a defined method for the determination of irritant and corrosive effects, the effects of varying the exposure time and the extent of occlusion were investigated and compared in rabbit skin experiments (by occlusive and semi-occlusive methods, each at exposure times of 1 hr and 4 hr). The results for 23 substances demonstrate that exposure for 1 hr normally leads to a realistic assessment of corrosiveness, in agreement with those given in the EEC 'Dangerous Substances Directive' (67/548/EEC; Off. J. Europ. Commun. 1967, 196, 1). With several substances, the 4-hr exposure leads to corrosive effects that do not occur under practical conditions. Moreover, a 4-hr exposure does not lead to a realistic hazard assessment in every case; some substances exhibit a corrosive effect in this test but are not classified as "corrosive" in the EEC Guideline Annex I, no. 1.1. Results using the semi-occlusive method did not usually differ from those obtained with the occlusive method. In general, the semi-occlusive method can be used, and in the case of volatile substances it is strongly advocated.
采用一种确定刺激和腐蚀作用的特定方法，在兔皮肤实验中（通过封闭法和半封闭法，暴露时间分别为1小时和4小时）研究并比较了改变暴露时间和封闭程度的影响。23种物质的实验结果表明，1小时的暴露通常能得出对腐蚀性的实际评估结果，这与欧共体《危险物质指令》（67/548/EEC；《欧洲共同体公报》，1967年，第196卷，第1期）中的规定一致。对于几种物质，4小时的暴露会导致在实际条件下不会出现的腐蚀作用。此外，4小时的暴露并非在每种情况下都能得出实际的危害评估结果；一些物质在此测试中表现出腐蚀作用，但在欧共体指南附件I第1.1条中未被列为“腐蚀性”物质。半封闭法的实验结果通常与封闭法的结果无差异。一般来说，可以使用半封闭法，对于挥发性物质，强烈建议使用该方法。
