Gregorios J B, Mozes L W, Norenberg M D
J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1985 Jul;44(4):404-14. doi: 10.1097/00005072-198507000-00004.
Light microscopic studies of primary astrocyte cultures following exposure to ammonia have shown several alterations. To determine the nature and significance of these changes, electron microscopic studies were performed. Ultrastructural changes consisted of proliferation, pleomorphism and swelling of mitochondria, condensation of the mitochondrial matrix, cytoplasmic lucency and vacuolization, disaggregation of polyribosomal clusters, an initial increase followed by degranulation of rough endoplasmic reticulum, proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, an accumulation of dense bodies and a loss of intermediate glial filaments. The early alterations appeared reactive and perhaps reflected ammonia detoxification. Some changes were degenerative and support the view that ammonia exerts a direct toxic effect on astrocytes. It is postulated that these changes may interfere with critical astroglial functions and thereby play a key role in the neurologic dysfunction seen in hyperammonemia.
对暴露于氨后的原代星形胶质细胞培养物进行的光学显微镜研究显示了几种改变。为了确定这些变化的性质和意义，进行了电子显微镜研究。超微结构变化包括线粒体的增殖、多形性和肿胀、线粒体基质的浓缩、细胞质透明和空泡化、多核糖体簇的解体、粗面内质网最初增加随后脱颗粒、滑面内质网增殖、致密体积累以及中间胶质丝丧失。早期改变表现为反应性的，可能反映了氨的解毒作用。一些变化是退行性的，支持氨对星形胶质细胞产生直接毒性作用的观点。据推测，这些变化可能会干扰关键的星形胶质细胞功能，从而在高氨血症中出现的神经功能障碍中起关键作用。
