The role of photodynamic therapy in treating LSIL in women with high-risk HPV: a literature review.

Photodynamic therapy has become a promising non-invasive method for the treatment of LSIL associated with HR-HPV infections. This literature review assesses the efficacy, safety, and clinical relevance of PDT for managing HPV-related cervical lesions. PDT employs photosensitizers, such as 5-aminolevulinic acid, which selectively accumulate in abnormal cervical tissues. When subjected to particular wavelengths of light, these agents become activated and produce reactive oxygen species, leading to the target elimination of particular cells. Numerous studies have documented the effectiveness of PDT with pathological regression rate improving to 94.79%, and the HR-HPV clearance rate increased to 93.75%. Beyond facilitating lesion regression, PDT also plays a significant role in eliminating persistent HR-HPV infections, which are a crucial element in the advancement of cervical dysplasia. Furthermore, the non-invasive nature of PDT presents a compelling alternative to traditional surgical approaches, which may compromise fertility and cause cervical stenosis. PDT is generally well-tolerated; adverse reactions are typically mild and transient, including symptoms such as abdominal discomfort and increased vaginal discharge. Most notably, the fertility-preserving characteristics of PDT render it an optimal treatment choice, particularly for young women desiring to maintain their reproductive potential. While the existing data is promising, it is essential to conduct additional research to enhance treatment protocols, optimize dosages, and thoroughly assess the long-lasting impact of photodynamic therapy in the field of gynecology. By synthesizing existing evidence, this review supports the enhanced incorporation of PDT into clinical decision-making frameworks for the management of HPV-related LSIL.