Abe Shinsuke, Suzuki Kazuho, Sasaki Yosuke, Yasuda Masahiro
Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.
Miyazaki Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Miyazaki, 880-0877, Japan.
Sci Rep. 2025 May 22;15(1):17781. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-02398-w.
Two studies were conducted on the relationship between ruminal mat consistency (RMC) and (1) calf mortality or (2) immunity. Assessment of RMC was by ten repeated manual compressions of the middle rumen; good-RMC showed no fluid bounce-back (FBB), while poor-RMC showed FBB. The first study examined whether RMC affected calf mortality. Monthly feeding management guidance (FMG) was implemented for 5 years on a commercial farm with Holstein-Friesian × Japanese black calves, directing increased forage consumption for poor-RMC calves aged 50-180 days. Compared to 35 control farms, the FMG period showed significantly lower total mortality (3.8% vs. 0.8%, P < 0.001, OR = 4.7) and lower respiratory mortality (2.3% vs. 0.1%, P < 0.001, OR = 18.3). The second study tested the hypothesis that RMC affects calf immunity. Peripheral blood of good-RMC (n = 6) and poor-RMC (n = 6) calves was compared. Good-RMC showed higher phagocytosis in monocytes (P = 0.05, r = 0.63) and granulocytes (P = 0.02, r = 0.78), and higher numbers of CD4 + (P = 0.07, r = 0.58), CD8 + (P = 0.07, r = 0.60), and B-cells (P = 0.03, r = 0.62). In mRNA expression, good-RMC showed lower TNF-α (P = 0.02, r = 0.70), IL-1 (P = 0.09, r = 0.49), IL-12 (P = 0.04, r = 0.59) and IL-10 (P = 0.13, r = 0.44), and higher IL-16 (P = 0.07, r = 0.53) compared to poor-RMC. These results suggest that RMC affects calf mortality and immunity, emphasizing the importance of feeding management in improving sustainability.
进行了两项关于瘤胃垫一致性（RMC）与（1）犊牛死亡率或（2）免疫力之间关系的研究。通过对瘤胃中部进行十次重复手动按压来评估RMC；良好的RMC未出现液体反弹（FBB），而较差的RMC出现了FBB。第一项研究考察了RMC是否影响犊牛死亡率。在一个饲养荷斯坦 - 弗里生×日本黑牛犊的商业农场实施了为期5年的每月饲养管理指导（FMG），指导增加50 - 180日龄RMC较差的犊牛的草料消耗量。与35个对照农场相比，FMG期间总死亡率显著降低（3.8%对0.8%，P < 0.001，OR = 4.7），呼吸道死亡率也降低（2.3%对0.1%），P < 0.001，OR = 18.3）。第二项研究检验了RMC影响犊牛免疫力的假设。比较了RMC良好（n = 6）和RMC较差（n = 6）的犊牛的外周血。RMC良好的犊牛在单核细胞（P = 0.05，r = 0.63）和粒细胞（P = 0.02，r = 0.78）中表现出更高的吞噬作用，并且CD4 +（P = 0.07，r = 0.58）、CD8 +（P = 0.07，r = 0.60）和B细胞（P = 0.03，r = 0.62）数量更多。在mRNA表达方面，与RMC较差的犊牛相比RMC良好的犊牛表现出较低的肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）（P = 0.02，r = 0.7）白细胞介素-1（IL-1）（P = 0.09，r = 0.49）、白细胞介素-12（IL-12）（P = 0.04，r = 0.59）和白细胞介素-10（IL-10）（P = 0.13，r = 0.44），以及较高的白细胞介素-16（IL-16）（P = 0.07，r = 0.53）。这些结果表明RMC影响犊牛死亡率和免疫力，强调了饲养管理在提高可持续性方面的重要性。
