Ran Ran, Chen Xi, Yang Jin, Xu Binghe
Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Exp Hematol Oncol. 2025 May 22;14(1):77. doi: 10.1186/s40164-025-00667-y.
Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, underscoring an urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies. Immunotherapy has emerged as a transformative frontier in this context. In triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the combination of immunotherapy based on PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with chemotherapy has proven efficacious in both early and advanced clinical trials. These encouraging results have led to the approval of ICIs for TNBC, opening up new therapeutic avenues for challenging-to-treat patient populations. Furthermore, a multitude of ongoing trials are actively investigating the efficacy of immunotherapy-based combinations, including ICIs in conjunction with chemotherapy, targeted therapy and radiation therapy, as well as other novel strategies such as bispecific antibodies, CAR-T cells and cancer vaccines across all breast cancer subtypes, including HR-positive/HER2-negative and HER2-positive disease. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current immunotherapeutic approaches in breast cancer, highlighting pivotal findings from recent clinical trials and the potential impact of these advancements on patient outcomes.
乳腺癌仍然是全球最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，这凸显了对创新治疗策略的迫切需求。在这种背景下，免疫疗法已成为一个变革性的前沿领域。在三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）中，基于PD-1/PD-L1免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）的免疫疗法与化疗联合使用，在早期和晚期临床试验中均已证明有效。这些令人鼓舞的结果已使ICI获批用于TNBC治疗，为难以治疗的患者群体开辟了新的治疗途径。此外，众多正在进行的试验正在积极研究基于免疫疗法的联合治疗方案的疗效，包括ICI与化疗、靶向治疗和放射治疗联合使用，以及其他新策略，如双特异性抗体、CAR-T细胞和癌症疫苗，涵盖所有乳腺癌亚型，包括HR阳性/HER2阴性和HER2阳性疾病。本综述全面概述了乳腺癌目前的免疫治疗方法，突出了近期临床试验的关键发现以及这些进展对患者预后的潜在影响。
