Al Rifai Nour, Stone Kateryna, Bo Bin, Zhang Bin, Kasiviswanathan Diviyashree, Redington Andrew N, Haworth Kevin J
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0586, USA.
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
J Mater Chem B. 2025 May 23. doi: 10.1039/d4tb02700k.
This study investigated oxygen scavenging efficiency and the risk of embolization of the cardiac vasculature using ultrasound-triggered phase-shift perfluorobutane (PFB) droplets and . The emulsion comprised lipid-shelled perfluorobutane core droplets with a modal diameter of 0.98 ± 0.03 μm. The droplets were prepared using a high-pressure microfluidizer. The embolization risk was assessed using a modified rat Langendorff preparation to accommodate an EkoSonic™ Endovascular Device. The EkoSonic™ Device was composed of an infusion catheter and an ultrasonic core to generate ultrasound at 2.35 MHz and nucleate acoustic droplet vaporization of the droplets. The oxygen scavenging efficiency was studied in an isolated beating heart and an flow phantom setup with target concentrations ranging from 0.05 × 10 to 5.0 × 10 mL mL. Gas embolization from the acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV)-nucleated microbubbles was assessed based on cardiac perfusion and cardiac functional parameters. No change in cardiac perfusion was observed when using droplets with target concentrations below 1.5 × 10 mL mL, either with or without ultrasound insonation of the droplets. Oxygen scavenging increased with increasing droplet target concentration. The ADV transition efficiency increased with increasing droplet concentration between 0.05 × 10 and 0.5 × 10 mL mL and decreased for higher concentrations. The conclusion of this study was that ultrasound-triggered phase-shift perfluorobutane droplets effectively scavenge oxygen without causing significant embolization at concentrations below 1.5 × 10 mL mL. Oxygen scavenging increased with higher droplet concentrations, whereas the transition efficiency of ADV reached the largest value at 0.5 × 10 mL mL, indicating an optimal performance balancing safety and efficacy exists.
本研究使用超声触发的相移全氟丁烷（PFB）微滴研究了心脏血管系统的氧清除效率和栓塞风险。该乳剂由脂质壳包裹的全氟丁烷核心微滴组成，模态直径为0.98±0.03μm。微滴使用高压微流控器制备。使用改良的大鼠Langendorff装置评估栓塞风险，以适配EkoSonic™血管内装置。EkoSonic™装置由一根输注导管和一个超声核心组成，可产生2.35MHz的超声并使微滴发生声致微滴汽化。在离体跳动心脏和流动模型装置中研究氧清除效率，目标浓度范围为0.05×10至5.0×10 mL/mL。基于心脏灌注和心脏功能参数评估声致微滴汽化（ADV）产生的微气泡引起的气体栓塞。当使用目标浓度低于1.5×10 mL/mL的微滴时，无论是否对微滴进行超声照射，均未观察到心脏灌注的变化。氧清除率随微滴目标浓度的增加而增加。ADV转变效率在0.05×10至0.5×10 mL/mL的微滴浓度范围内随浓度增加而增加，而在更高浓度时降低。本研究的结论是，超声触发的相移全氟丁烷微滴在浓度低于1.5×10 mL/mL时可有效清除氧气而不会引起明显栓塞。氧清除率随微滴浓度升高而增加，而ADV的转变效率在0.5×10 mL/mL时达到最大值，表明存在安全性和有效性平衡的最佳性能。
