Coleman Tyesha, Bickel Richard, Noel John, May Kathleen R
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy-Immunology and Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2025 May 23;25(1):26. doi: 10.1007/s11882-025-01205-w.
Hypereosinophilia is defined as an absolute eosinophil count greater than 1500 cells/mm3. This is a condition often observed in the pediatric population, with benign/self-resolving to life-threatening etiologies. Identifying the cause of hypereosinophilia can be challenging, given its broad associated differential diagnosis and diversity of presentations. This review provides an overview of eosinophil biology and explores causes of hypereosinophilia in children, emphasizing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, while underscoring the importance of recognizing rare causes including primary hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES).
Classification of hypereosinophilic subtypes has evolved, as has understanding of etiologies with advances in modern diagnostic tools. Newer therapeutic options with low side-effect profiles have expanded treatment options in patients with HES. Despite recent improvements in medical management, HES remains a serious medical condition with considerable morbidity and potential mortality. Early identification and appropriate treatment can improve prognosis and reduce the burden of disease in children.
嗜酸性粒细胞增多症定义为绝对嗜酸性粒细胞计数大于1500个细胞/mm³。这是一种在儿科人群中经常观察到的病症，病因从良性/自限性到危及生命不等。鉴于嗜酸性粒细胞增多症相关的鉴别诊断范围广泛且临床表现多样，确定其病因可能具有挑战性。本综述概述了嗜酸性粒细胞生物学，并探讨儿童嗜酸性粒细胞增多症的病因，强调诊断和治疗方面的挑战，同时强调认识包括原发性嗜酸性粒细胞增多综合征（HES）在内的罕见病因的重要性。
随着现代诊断工具的进步，嗜酸性粒细胞增多症亚型的分类以及对病因的认识都有所发展。副作用较小的新型治疗选择扩大了HES患者的治疗方案。尽管近期在医疗管理方面有所改善，但HES仍然是一种严重的病症，具有相当高的发病率和潜在死亡率。早期识别和适当治疗可以改善预后并减轻儿童的疾病负担。
