Li Qingxia, Li Yingji
School of Government Management, Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou, China.
School of Humanities and Management, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China.
PLoS One. 2025 May 23;20(5):e0324144. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0324144. eCollection 2025.
This study uses data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) in 2004, 2006, and 2015 and employs a fixed-effects model based on Driscoll-Kraay standard errors to investigate the impact of occupation type, employment type, and work unit type on workers' health and the underlying mechanisms. The main findings suggest that higher levels of occupation type and employment type are associated with better self-rated health among workers, but simultaneously increase the probability of chronic diseases, demonstrating a "dual effect" of occupational characteristics on health. Additionally, workers in the public sector have a higher probability of chronic diseases and lower self-rated health compared to those in the non-public sector. Furthermore, the impact of occupation type, employment type, and work unit type on health is greater for male workers than for female workers. The negative impact of an increase in occupation type on chronic diseases is significantly higher in the absence of overtime work and for workers engaged in moderate and heavy physical labor. The mechanism analysis reveals that work intensity, labor income, and work hours play a crucial role in explaining the impact of occupation on health, jointly accounting for a significant portion of the impact of employment type on chronic diseases, occupation type on self-rated health, and work unit type on self-rated health.
本研究使用了2004年、2006年和2015年中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)的数据,并采用基于德里斯柯尔-克雷标准误的固定效应模型,来研究职业类型、就业类型和工作单位类型对劳动者健康的影响及其潜在机制。主要研究结果表明,较高的职业类型和就业类型水平与劳动者更好的自评健康状况相关,但同时也增加了患慢性病的概率,这表明职业特征对健康具有“双重影响”。此外,与非公共部门的劳动者相比,公共部门的劳动者患慢性病的概率更高,自评健康状况更低。此外,职业类型、就业类型和工作单位类型对男性劳动者健康的影响大于女性劳动者。在没有加班以及从事中度和重度体力劳动的劳动者中,职业类型增加对慢性病的负面影响显著更高。机制分析表明,工作强度、劳动收入和工作时长在解释职业对健康的影响方面起着关键作用,共同在很大程度上解释了就业类型对慢性病的影响、职业类型对自评健康的影响以及工作单位类型对自评健康的影响。