Unit of Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
Laboratory of Population Health, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Germany.
Scand J Public Health. 2023 Aug;51(6):894-901. doi: 10.1177/14034948221081628. Epub 2022 Mar 24.
There are substantial differences in remaining life expectancy at higher ages between occupational groups. These differences may be the effect of work-related exposures, lifestyle factors of workers in specific occupations, socioeconomic position or a combination of this. The scope of this paper is the extent to which occupational differences in remaining life expectancy persist after retirement, which would suggest that occupational exposures alone are not likely to explain all the difference.
All individuals born between 1925 and 1939 who reported occupational information in the Census 1985 and were residents in Sweden to the end of 2020 or who died were included and followed for death until 2020. The Nordic Classification of Occupations was used to create nine occupational groups. Partial life expectancy and age-specific death rates were applied to examine mortality differentials.
This study showed substantial differences in partial life expectancy across the occupational cohorts with the biggest difference being about 2 years. The mortality differences persisted with increasing age, both when measured as absolute numbers as well as relative numbers.
不同职业群体在高龄时的剩余预期寿命存在显著差异。这些差异可能是工作相关暴露、特定职业工人的生活方式因素、社会经济地位或这些因素的综合作用的结果。本文的研究范围是退休后剩余预期寿命的职业差异持续存在的程度，这表明职业暴露不太可能单独解释所有差异。
本研究纳入了所有在 1925 年至 1939 年期间出生且在 1985 年人口普查中报告了职业信息的人，这些人居住在瑞典，截至 2020 年底仍在瑞典居住或已死亡，并对其进行了死亡随访至 2020 年。本研究使用了北欧职业分类法将人群分为了九个职业群体。采用部分预期寿命和年龄特定死亡率来研究死亡率差异。
本研究显示，不同职业群体的部分预期寿命存在显著差异，最大差异约为 2 年。随着年龄的增长，无论以绝对数量还是相对数量衡量，死亡率差异都持续存在。
