Li Zhe, Li Sheng-Ao, Ma Hua, Ao Lianggen, Li Guowei, Cui Fuyi
College of Environment and Ecology, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China; Chongqing Design Group CO., LTD.
College of Environment and Ecology, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China.
Water Res. 2025 Sep 1;283:123863. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123863. Epub 2025 May 19.
Hydrogen peroxide (HO) plays a crucial role in maintaining a chemical and ecological equilibrium in aquatic environments. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the potential drivers of HO production. This study investigates the source and potential drivers of HO production in natural aquatic systems, revealing its concentrations as a synergistic outcome of photochemical and biological processes, and establishes a multiparameter predictive framework. By analyzing dissolved organic matter (DOM) extracted from four lakes (Fan Shen, Cai Yun, Jiu Long, Bao Sheng) through water quality parameters, spectral characteristics, and molecular composition, combined with artificial solar irradiation experiments, we demonstrate that DOM abundance and low-molecular-weight components promoted photochemical HO generation via photosensitized reactions, while total phosphorus (TP) suppresses photochemical production through organophosphorus-HO interactions. Biological assays with Microcystis aeruginosa, non-toxic Microcystis spp, and Chlorella vulgaris reveal that proteins-/lipids-rich DOM significantly elevates biogenic HO generation by phytoplankton species. Chlorella vulgaris which exhibited the highest ability to generate HO was the most resilient to oxidative stress caused by HO. Combined photochemical-biogenic (P&B) experiments confirmed that synergistic HO concentrations (combined P&B HO) were lower than the biogenic HO concentrations due to algae experiencing oxidative stress from photochemical HO and activating its decomposition capacity, with the Variance Partitioning Analysis (VPA) identifying that HO production was influence by a combination of water quality, DOM spectral traits and biological factor (34.45-55.45 %), which was higher than the influence of individual factors (3.21-7.07 %). A multiple multiparameter regression model incorporating TOC, E2/E3, TP, and microbial-derived tryptophan (C2) achieves robust HO prediction across eight lakes. By elucidating the DOM-algae mechanistic interplay governing HO dynamics and modeling HO concentrations, our study establishes an operationalized framework for assessing oxidative stress and predicting algal blooms, providing critical tools to the early warning of algal bloom events in aquatic ecosystems.
过氧化氢（HO）在维持水生环境中的化学和生态平衡方面起着至关重要的作用。然而，对于HO产生的潜在驱动因素仍缺乏全面的了解。本研究调查了天然水生系统中HO产生的来源和潜在驱动因素，揭示了其浓度是光化学和生物过程的协同结果，并建立了一个多参数预测框架。通过水质参数、光谱特征和分子组成分析从四个湖泊（范沈湖、彩云湖、九龙湖、宝盛湖）提取的溶解有机物（DOM），并结合人工太阳辐射实验，我们证明DOM丰度和低分子量组分通过光敏反应促进光化学HO生成，而总磷（TP）通过有机磷-HO相互作用抑制光化学产生。对铜绿微囊藻、无毒微囊藻和普通小球藻进行的生物学测定表明，富含蛋白质/脂质的DOM显著提高了浮游植物物种产生的生物源HO。产生HO能力最强的普通小球藻对HO引起的氧化应激最具抵抗力。联合光化学-生物源（P&B）实验证实，由于藻类受到光化学HO的氧化应激并激活其分解能力，协同HO浓度（联合P&B HO）低于生物源HO浓度，方差分解分析（VPA）表明HO产生受水质、DOM光谱特征和生物因素组合的影响（34.45-55.45%），高于单个因素的影响（3.21-7.07%）。一个包含总有机碳（TOC）、E2/E3、TP和微生物来源色氨酸（C2）的多参数回归模型能够对八个湖泊的HO进行可靠预测。通过阐明控制HO动态的DOM-藻类机制相互作用并对HO浓度进行建模，我们的研究建立了一个用于评估氧化应激和预测藻华的可操作框架，为水生生态系统中藻华事件的早期预警提供了关键工具。
