Chai Mengnan, Li Yufan, Li Yubao, Zuo Yi, Li Jidong
The Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
Acta Biomater. 2025 Jul 1;201:1-33. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2025.05.047. Epub 2025 May 21.
Bioelectricity plays an important role in tissue repair. Nanogenerators can harvest biomechanical energy and convert it into electrical signals, producing electrical stimulation (ES) for diverse biomedical applications including sensing, tissue repair, cardiac pacing, etc. This review focuses on the overview of the single or multifunctional role of ES generated by self-powered nanogenerators in bone and tendon, nerve, skin, and myocardial tissue repair. Particularly, to elucidate the differential cellular responses and effects on endogenous electric fields between conventional repair and ES-enhanced tissue regeneration, the possible mechanisms by which ES promotes repair in different tissues are summarized. Eventually, the ES parameters and the matching between the type of ES produced by the nanogenerator and the practical application scenario of biological tissue are discussed. The main challenges and future perspectives of nanogenerators in tissue therapy are also proposed, expecting to promote the development of this emerging restoration method. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: As miniature devices for tissue repair, self-powered nanogenerators can achieve the ambitious goal of self-supplying energy and efficient tissue repair. This review article details the electrical stimulation generated by self-powered nanogenerators in different tissue repair by simulating and augmenting endogenous bioelectrical signals. Introducing the classification and mechanisms of nanogenerators and reviewing the influence of the electrical stimulation and electric field in bone and tendon, nerve, skin, and myocardial tissue repair. Notably, the possible mechanisms by which electrical stimulation acts on different tissues are concluded. Lastly, the match between types of nanogenerators and different tissues is proposed, and the main challenges and perspectives of nanogenerators in tissue therapy are also discussed.
生物电在组织修复中发挥着重要作用。纳米发电机能够收集生物机械能并将其转化为电信号，产生电刺激（ES）用于包括传感、组织修复、心脏起搏等多种生物医学应用。本综述聚焦于自供电纳米发电机产生的电刺激在骨与肌腱、神经、皮肤以及心肌组织修复中的单一或多功能作用概述。特别地，为阐明传统修复与电刺激增强组织再生之间不同的细胞反应以及对内源性电场的影响，总结了电刺激促进不同组织修复的可能机制。最后，讨论了电刺激参数以及纳米发电机产生的电刺激类型与生物组织实际应用场景之间的匹配。还提出了纳米发电机在组织治疗中的主要挑战和未来展望，期望推动这种新兴修复方法的发展。重要性声明：作为用于组织修复的微型装置，自供电纳米发电机能够实现自我供能和高效组织修复这一宏伟目标。本文详细介绍了自供电纳米发电机通过模拟和增强内源性生物电信号在不同组织修复中产生的电刺激。介绍了纳米发电机的分类和机制，并综述了电刺激和电场在骨与肌腱、神经、皮肤以及心肌组织修复中的影响。值得注意的是，总结了电刺激作用于不同组织的可能机制。最后，提出了纳米发电机类型与不同组织之间的匹配，并讨论了纳米发电机在组织治疗中的主要挑战和展望。
