Hodge D, Fleisher G
Am J Emerg Med. 1985 Sep;3(5):403-7. doi: 10.1016/0735-6757(85)90198-6.
The flow rates of the 18- to 24-gauge catheters most commonly used in pediatrics were studied to determine which catheters and infusion techniques allowed for rapid volume replacement in infants and children. As expected, short, large-diameter catheters were found to have a higher flow rate, and flows under pressure in the largest catheters tested were up to 17 times greater than in a longer, smaller diameter catheter. Catheters designed for peripheral venous insertion in children showed an 18 to 164% increase in flow rate when compared with the same gauge catheters designed for central venous use. Thus, intravenous access via a central vein does not guarantee more rapid fluid infusion unless the use of the central vein permits the insertion of a catheter larger in diameter than any that could be placed peripherally. Knowledge of the flow rates determined for the various catheters in this study will assist the physician in optimizing fluid resuscitation of the critically ill or injured child.
对儿科最常用的18至24号导管的流速进行了研究，以确定哪些导管和输液技术能够在婴幼儿和儿童中实现快速补液。不出所料，发现短的大口径导管流速更高，在测试的最大导管中加压时的流速比更长、更小口径的导管高出多达17倍。与设计用于中心静脉使用的相同规格导管相比，设计用于儿童外周静脉插入的导管流速提高了18%至164%。因此，除非使用中心静脉能够插入比任何外周可放置的导管直径更大的导管，否则通过中心静脉进行静脉通路并不能保证更快的液体输注。了解本研究中确定的各种导管的流速，将有助于医生优化对重症或受伤儿童的液体复苏。
