Santopetro Nicholas J, Thompson Brittney, Garron Andrew, Keith Lauren, Brush C J, Schmidt Brad, Hajcak Greg
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA.
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2025 Aug;175:106230. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106230. Epub 2025 May 22.
Depression is characterized by impairments of cognitive systems such as significant deficits in attention, memory, and cognitive control. The P300 (or P3) event-related potential (ERP) component has been extensively investigated over the past four decades to elucidate the underpinnings of these cognitive dysfunctions. Many studies have observed reduced P300 amplitude and prolonged P300 latency in individuals experiencing depression. The current study provides a comprehensive systematic quantitative review (i.e., meta-analysis) of the depression and P300 literature from 1981 to 2023 employing PubMed and ProQuest databases. Included articles quantitatively measured depression and P300 amplitude or latency. In total, 127 studies (total N = 12,722) comprised the current analyses (i.e., 116 examining P300 amplitude and 51 examining P300 latency), resulting in 601 effect sizes (i.e., 464 depression and P300 amplitude; 137 depression and P300 latency). Robust variance meta-regression results revealed a small significant negative effect size (r = -.15) between P300 amplitude and depression even after correcting for publication bias. There was a similar small significant positive effect size (r = .15) between P300 latency and depression. Findings from moderator analyses indicated that stimulus modality, medication use, and age impacted the P300 amplitude and depression effect size; no moderators of the P300 latency and depression relationship were observed. Regarding limitations, we did not exhaustively test all possible factors that may impact P300 and depression association. The current quantitative review confirms significant differences in P300 (both amplitude and latency) attributed to cognitive dysfunctions common in depression as well as guides future study designs and methodological approaches.
抑郁症的特征是认知系统受损，如注意力、记忆力和认知控制方面存在显著缺陷。在过去的四十年里，人们对P300（或P3）事件相关电位（ERP）成分进行了广泛研究，以阐明这些认知功能障碍的潜在机制。许多研究观察到，抑郁症患者的P300波幅降低，潜伏期延长。本研究利用PubMed和ProQuest数据库，对1981年至2023年关于抑郁症和P300的文献进行了全面的系统定量综述（即荟萃分析）。纳入的文章对抑郁症和P300波幅或潜伏期进行了定量测量。共有127项研究（总样本量N = 12722）纳入了当前分析（即116项研究检测P300波幅，51项研究检测P300潜伏期），得出了601个效应量（即464个抑郁症与P300波幅的效应量；137个抑郁症与P300潜伏期的效应量）。稳健方差元回归结果显示，即使校正了发表偏倚，P300波幅与抑郁症之间仍存在小的显著负效应量（r = -0.15）。P300潜伏期与抑郁症之间也存在类似的小的显著正效应量（r = 0.15）。调节分析结果表明，刺激方式、药物使用和年龄会影响P300波幅与抑郁症的效应量；未观察到P300潜伏期与抑郁症关系的调节因素。关于局限性，我们并未详尽测试所有可能影响P300与抑郁症关联的因素。当前的定量综述证实了抑郁症常见的认知功能障碍导致的P300（波幅和潜伏期）存在显著差异，同时也为未来的研究设计和方法学途径提供了指导。
