Botox Injections for Esophageal Motor Disorders.

This article explores the evolving role of endoscopic botulinum toxin (BTX) therapy for esophageal motor disorders (EMDs). While BTX has been extensively used in achalasia, its primary application now lies in managing nonachalasia EMDs such as esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction, hypercontractile esophagus, and diffuse esophageal spasm. The article details BTX injection techniques for the lower esophageal sphincter, esophageal body, and upper esophageal sphincter, highlighting short-term efficacy and safety. It advocates BTX as a first-line therapy for these conditions, alongside smooth muscle relaxants, and discusses its potential future role in functional dysphagia.