Debie Yana, Verbruggen Lise, Peeters Marc, van Dam Peter A, Vandamme Timon
Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium; Multidisciplinary Oncological Centre Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat, Edegem, Belgium.
Multidisciplinary Oncological Centre Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat, Edegem, Belgium.
Int J Infect Dis. 2025 Sep;158:107939. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107939. Epub 2025 May 23.
Immunoglobulin (Ig) A antibodies are involved in mucosal immunity and eliminate pathogens immediately at the point of entry. Vaccine-induced IgA antibodies could contribute to an additional layer of protection against SARS-CoV-2 for infection-prone patients with cancer. This might be particularly relevant for patients with cancer because they mount reduced IgG antibody titers after dual-dose BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination and even lower responses after double-dose ChAdOx1 vaccination than healthy individuals. However, data on vaccine-induced IgA antibodies are scarce, especially in patients with cancer.
This study compares SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike (S1) IgA antibodies after dual-dose BNT162b2 vs ChAdOx1 vaccination in patients with cancer. SARS-CoV-2 anti-S1 IgA antibodies were quantified in serum samples collected 7 days after the second vaccination dose (N = 213) (IEQ-CoVS1RBD-IgA-1-RB enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, RayBiotech) and analyzed with colorimetric detection. In addition, correlations with different aspects of humoral immunity were assessed (neutralizing and IgG antibodies).
Significantly lower anti-S1 IgA antibody titers were reported in patients with cancer after dual-dose ChAdOx1 than BNT162b2 vaccination. Moreover, patients with cancer who received dual-dose BNT162b2 vaccination had a significant 16.44-fold increased chance to mount detectable IgA antibodies compared with patients receiving ChAdOx1 vaccination.
These findings highlight the potential role of boosters or alternative strategies to sustain mucosal immunity.
免疫球蛋白（Ig）A抗体参与黏膜免疫，并在病原体进入的部位立即将其清除。疫苗诱导的IgA抗体可为易感染的癌症患者提供额外一层针对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的保护。这对于癌症患者可能尤为重要，因为他们在接种两剂BNT162b2新冠疫苗后产生的IgG抗体滴度降低，且在接种两剂ChAdOx1疫苗后的反应比健康个体更低。然而，关于疫苗诱导的IgA抗体的数据很少，尤其是在癌症患者中。
本研究比较了癌症患者接种两剂BNT162b2疫苗与ChAdOx1疫苗后SARS-CoV-2抗刺突（S1）IgA抗体的情况。在第二次接种疫苗剂量7天后采集的血清样本中对SARS-CoV-2抗S1 IgA抗体进行定量（N = 213）（IEQ-CoVS1RBD-IgA-1-RB酶联免疫吸附测定试剂盒，RayBiotech），并采用比色检测法进行分析。此外，还评估了与体液免疫不同方面的相关性（中和抗体和IgG抗体）。
癌症患者在接种两剂ChAdOx1疫苗后报告的抗S1 IgA抗体滴度显著低于接种BNT162b2疫苗后。此外，与接种ChAdOx1疫苗的患者相比，接种两剂BNT162b2疫苗的癌症患者产生可检测到的IgA抗体的机会显著增加16.44倍。
这些发现突出了加强免疫或替代策略在维持黏膜免疫方面的潜在作用。
