Cui Longwei, Song Yantao, Hou Zhipeng, Yang Liqun, Guo Shu, Wang Chenchao
Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110002, People's Republic of China.
Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Techniques, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China.
J Nanobiotechnology. 2025 May 25;23(1):375. doi: 10.1186/s12951-025-03461-4.
Engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are EVs modified to enhance certain biological properties, offer a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of skin defects. Conventional nanomaterials often encounter clinical translation challenges due to potential toxicity and limited targeting. Engineered EVs, utilizing inherent biocompatibility and effective physiological barrier traversal, can ameliorate the limitations of conventional EV therapies to some extent, including detection, isolation, purification, and therapeutic validation. Recent advances in EV engineering, such as genetic modification of production cells to control cargo, surface engineering for targeted delivery, and pre-treatment of parental cells to optimize production and bioactivity, have improved therapeutic efficacy in laboratory studies through enhanced targeting, prolonged retention time, and increased yield. Many studies have suggested the potential ability of engineered EVs to treat a variety of skin defects, including diabetic wounds, burns, and hypertrophic scars, providing a promising avenue for their clinical translation in this area. This paper reviews the therapeutic potential of engineered EVs in skin regeneration, highlighting their role in promoting cell migration and angiogenesis, modulating inflammation and reducing scar formation during wound healing. In addition, given the investment in this rapidly evolving field and the growing clinical trial activity, this review also explores recent global advances and provides an outlook on future application opportunities for EVs in the treatment of skin defects.
工程化细胞外囊泡（EVs）是经过修饰以增强某些生物学特性的细胞外囊泡，为皮肤缺损的治疗提供了一种很有前景的治疗策略。传统纳米材料由于潜在的毒性和有限的靶向性，常常面临临床转化挑战。工程化细胞外囊泡利用其固有的生物相容性和有效的生理屏障穿透能力，在一定程度上可以改善传统细胞外囊泡疗法的局限性，包括检测、分离、纯化和治疗验证。细胞外囊泡工程的最新进展，如对生产细胞进行基因改造以控制货物、进行表面工程以实现靶向递送，以及对亲本细胞进行预处理以优化生产和生物活性，通过增强靶向性、延长保留时间和提高产量，在实验室研究中提高了治疗效果。许多研究表明，工程化细胞外囊泡具有治疗多种皮肤缺损的潜在能力，包括糖尿病伤口、烧伤和增生性瘢痕，为其在该领域的临床转化提供了一条有前景的途径。本文综述了工程化细胞外囊泡在皮肤再生中的治疗潜力，强调了它们在促进伤口愈合过程中的细胞迁移和血管生成、调节炎症以及减少瘢痕形成方面的作用。此外，鉴于对这个快速发展领域的投资以及越来越多的临床试验活动，本综述还探讨了近期的全球进展，并对细胞外囊泡在治疗皮肤缺损方面的未来应用机会进行了展望。
