Andalib Elahe, Kashfi Mojtaba, Mahmoudvand Golnaz, Rezaei Elaheh, Mahjoor Mohamad, Torki Alireza, Afkhami Hamed
Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
Front Microbiol. 2023 Oct 5;14:1251956. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1251956. eCollection 2023.
Mesenchymal stromal cells, commonly referred to as MSCs, are a type of multipotent stem cells that are typically extracted from adipose tissue and bone marrow. In the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, MSCs and their exosomes have emerged as revolutionary tools. Researchers are now devoting greater attention to MSCs because of their ability to generate skin cells like fibroblasts and keratinocytes, as well as their distinctive potential to decrease inflammation and emit pro-angiogenic molecules at the site of wounds. More recent investigations revealed that MSCs can exert numerous direct and indirect antimicrobial effects that are immunologically mediated. Collectively, these antimicrobial properties can remove bacterial infections when the MSCs are delivered in a therapeutic setting. Regardless of the positive therapeutic potential of MSCs for a multitude of conditions, transplanted MSC cell retention continues to be a major challenge. Since MSCs are typically administered into naturally hypoxic tissues, understanding the impact of hypoxia on the functioning of MSCs is crucial. Hypoxia has been postulated to be among the factors determining the differentiation of MSCs, resulting in the production of inflammatory cytokines throughout the process of tissue regeneration and wound repair. This has opened new horizons in developing MSC-based systems as a potent therapeutic tool in oxygen-deprived regions, including anaerobic wound infection sites. This review sheds light on the role of hypoxia-MSCs in the treatment of anaerobic bacterial wound infection in terms of both their regenerative and antimicrobial activities.
间充质基质细胞，通常称为间充质干细胞（MSCs），是一种多能干细胞，通常从脂肪组织和骨髓中提取。在组织工程和再生医学领域，间充质干细胞及其外泌体已成为具有革命性的工具。由于间充质干细胞能够生成成纤维细胞和角质形成细胞等皮肤细胞，以及它们在伤口部位减少炎症和释放促血管生成分子的独特潜力，研究人员现在对其给予了更多关注。最近的研究表明，间充质干细胞可以发挥多种直接和间接的免疫介导的抗菌作用。总体而言，当在治疗环境中递送间充质干细胞时，这些抗菌特性可以消除细菌感染。尽管间充质干细胞对多种病症具有积极的治疗潜力，但移植后的间充质干细胞保留仍然是一个主要挑战。由于间充质干细胞通常被注入自然缺氧的组织中，了解缺氧对间充质干细胞功能的影响至关重要。据推测，缺氧是决定间充质干细胞分化的因素之一，在组织再生和伤口修复的整个过程中会导致炎症细胞因子的产生。这为开发基于间充质干细胞的系统开辟了新的前景，使其成为缺氧区域（包括厌氧伤口感染部位）的一种有效的治疗工具。这篇综述从缺氧 - 间充质干细胞的再生和抗菌活性方面，阐述了其在治疗厌氧细菌性伤口感染中的作用。
