Guo Ying, Lin Lu, Zhang Miao, Yu Yixi, Wang Yan, Cao Jie, Li Yuchen, Sun Xintong, Guan Meilin, Wen Shuo, Wang Xin, Fang Zhen, Duan Wenshan, Duan Junyi, Huang Tao, Xia Wei, Guo Shan, Wei Feili, Zheng Dongxiang, Huang Xiaojie
Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Department of Stomatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2025 May 9;15:1564891. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1564891. eCollection 2025.
Oral health is increasingly recognized as a crucial determinant of overall health in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Specifically, the oral mycobiome may play a pivotal role in HIV-associated oral complications. However, the fungal species involved and their potential as biomarkers for HIV-related oral conditions remain poorly understood. This study investigates salivary fungal profiles in PLWHA who have sex with men (MSM), focusing on diversity, functional shifts, and correlations with disease progression.
A cross-sectional study included 25 MSM participants divided into five groups: HIV-negative controls (n = 5) and four HIV-positive groups stratified by CD4 count: Stage 0 (HIV RNA-positive/antibody-negative; n = 5), Stage 1 (CD4 ≥500 cells/μL; n = 5), Stage 2 (CD4 200-499 cells/μL; n = 5), and Stage 3 (CD4 <200 cells/μL or opportunistic infections; n = 5). Saliva samples were collected and analyzed using metagenomic sequencing (Illumina NovaSeq platform). Bioinformatic analyses included genome assembly (MEGAHIT), gene clustering (CD-HIT), gene abundance calculation (SOAPaligner), species annotation (BLASTP), and KEGG pathway annotation (KOBAS 2.0). Statistical analyses (Kruskal-Wallis tests, Spearman's correlation) assessed associations between fungal profiles, CD4 count, and viral loads.
A total of 51 fungal genera were identified, with being the most abundant. Functional analysis revealed 113 shared KEGG pathways, of which 69 were unique to Stage 3, primarily related to metabolic and disease-related processes. Notably, exhibited a positive correlation with CD4 count ( ≤ 0.01), while showed a negative correlation ( = 0.0299).
Salivary mycobiome composition and function shift significantly across HIV stages, reflecting immune decline. dominance challenges conventional views of oral fungal ecology in immunocompromised hosts. These findings highlight the mycobiome's diagnostic potential for monitoring HIV-related oral health. Longitudinal studies are needed to validate clinical relevance.
口腔健康日益被视为艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者（PLWHA）整体健康的关键决定因素。具体而言，口腔微生物群可能在与艾滋病毒相关的口腔并发症中起关键作用。然而，所涉及的真菌种类及其作为艾滋病毒相关口腔疾病生物标志物的潜力仍知之甚少。本研究调查了男男性行为者（MSM）中的艾滋病毒感染者的唾液真菌谱，重点关注多样性、功能变化以及与疾病进展的相关性。
一项横断面研究纳入了25名男男性行为者参与者，分为五组：艾滋病毒阴性对照组（n = 5）和四个按CD4细胞计数分层的艾滋病毒阳性组：0期（艾滋病毒RNA阳性/抗体阴性；n = 5）、1期（CD4≥500个细胞/μL；n = 5）、2期（CD4 200 - 499个细胞/μL；n = 5）和3期（CD4 <200个细胞/μL或机会性感染；n = 5）。收集唾液样本并使用宏基因组测序（Illumina NovaSeq平台）进行分析。生物信息学分析包括基因组组装（MEGAHIT）、基因聚类（CD-HIT）、基因丰度计算（SOAPaligner）、物种注释（BLASTP）和KEGG通路注释（KOBAS 2.0）。统计分析（Kruskal-Wallis检验、Spearman相关性分析）评估真菌谱、CD4细胞计数和病毒载量之间的关联。
共鉴定出51个真菌属，其中 最为丰富。功能分析揭示了113条共享的KEGG通路，其中69条是3期特有的，主要与代谢和疾病相关过程有关。值得注意的是， 与CD4细胞计数呈正相关（≤0.01），而 呈负相关（ = 0.0299）。
唾液微生物群的组成和功能在艾滋病毒感染的各个阶段发生显著变化，反映了免疫功能下降。 的优势挑战了免疫受损宿主口腔真菌生态学的传统观点。这些发现突出了微生物群在监测与艾滋病毒相关的口腔健康方面的诊断潜力。需要进行纵向研究以验证其临床相关性。
