Li Zehui, Wang Xiaoxin, Yu Yan, Jing Yingli, Du Huayong, Liu Wubo, Zhang Chunjia, Talifu Zuliyaer, Xu Xin, Pan Yunzhu, Li Jianjun
School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China.
Front Nutr. 2025 May 9;12:1576976. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1576976. eCollection 2025.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to complex nutritional alterations, including energy imbalance, skewed macronutrient and micronutrient intake, and disrupted nutrient absorption and metabolism. These changes contribute to increased risks of obesity, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and other comorbidities, profoundly affecting long-term recovery and quality of life. Despite the growing recognition of these challenges, nutritional assessment methods for SCI patients remain fragmented and insufficient. This review first outlines the major nutritional consequences and clinical implications of SCI, then focuses on current methods for assessing nutritional status in this population. Three major domains are discussed: body composition analysis, nutrient intake and absorption assessment, and energy metabolism monitoring. Traditional tools such as anthropometry, food diaries, and indirect calorimetry are discussed alongside advanced technologies including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and metabolomics. By highlighting both current limitations and emerging solutions, this review underscores the importance of personalized, technology-assisted nutritional assessment strategies to guide clinical decision-making and optimize outcomes for individuals with SCI.
脊髓损伤（SCI）会导致复杂的营养改变，包括能量失衡、常量营养素和微量营养素摄入不均衡，以及营养物质吸收和代谢紊乱。这些变化会增加肥胖、心血管疾病、代谢综合征及其他合并症的风险，对长期恢复和生活质量产生深远影响。尽管人们越来越认识到这些挑战，但针对脊髓损伤患者的营养评估方法仍然零散且不足。本综述首先概述脊髓损伤的主要营养后果及临床意义，然后重点介绍评估该人群营养状况的现有方法。讨论了三个主要领域：身体成分分析、营养摄入与吸收评估以及能量代谢监测。除了包括磁共振成像（MRI）、双能X线吸收法（DXA）和代谢组学等先进技术外，还讨论了人体测量学、食物日记和间接测热法等传统工具。通过强调当前的局限性和新出现的解决方案，本综述强调了个性化、技术辅助的营养评估策略对于指导临床决策和优化脊髓损伤患者预后的重要性。
