Walker Ethan S, Stewart Taylor, Vedanthan Rajesh, Spoon Daniel B
School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States of America.
Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America.
Environ Res Health. 2025 Sep 1;3(3):035002. doi: 10.1088/2752-5309/add616. Epub 2025 May 21.
Wildfires continue to increase in size, intensity, and duration. There is growing evidence that wildfire smoke adversely impacts clinical outcomes; however, few studies have assessed the impact of wildfires on household air quality and subclinical cardiovascular health indicators. We measured continuous indoor and outdoor fine particulate matter (PM) concentrations from July-October 2022 at 20 residences in the rural, mountainous state of Montana in the United States. We used a combination of satellite-derived smoke plume data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Hazard Mapping System and household-level daily mean PM concentrations to classify wildfire-impacted days. One participant from each household self-reported in-home blood pressure (BP) on weekly electronic surveys. We used linear mixed-effects regression models to assess associations between air pollution exposures (PM concentrations; number of wildfire-impacted days) and systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP). Models were adjusted for potential time-variant confounders including temperature, humidity, and self-reported exercise. Compared to survey periods with 0 wildfire days, SBP was 3.83 mmHg higher (95% Confidence Interval [95% CI]: 0.22, 7.44) and DBP was 2.36 mmHg higher (95% CI: -0.06, 4.78) during periods with 4+ wildfire days. Across the entire study period, a 10 g m increase in indoor PM was associated with 1.34 mmHg higher SBP (95%CI: 0.39, 2.29) and 0.71 mmHg higher DBP (95% CI: 0.07, 1.35). We observed that wildfire-impacted days and increasing household-level PM concentrations are associated with higher in-home BP. Our results support growing literature which indicates that wildfires adversely impact subclinical cardiovascular health. Clinical and public health messaging should emphasize the cardiovascular health impacts of wildfire smoke and educate on exposure-reduction strategies such as indoor air filtration.
野火的规模、强度和持续时间持续增加。越来越多的证据表明，野火烟雾会对临床结果产生不利影响；然而，很少有研究评估野火对家庭空气质量和亚临床心血管健康指标的影响。我们于2022年7月至10月在美国蒙大拿州多山的农村地区的20处住宅中测量了室内和室外的细颗粒物（PM）连续浓度。我们结合了美国国家海洋和大气管理局灾害测绘系统的卫星衍生烟雾羽流数据和家庭层面的每日平均PM浓度，对受野火影响的天数进行分类。每户有一名参与者通过每周的电子调查自行报告家中的血压（BP）。我们使用线性混合效应回归模型来评估空气污染暴露（PM浓度；受野火影响的天数）与收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP）之间的关联。模型针对潜在的随时间变化的混杂因素进行了调整，包括温度、湿度和自行报告的运动量。与野火天数为0的调查期相比，在野火天数为4天及以上的时期，收缩压高出3.83 mmHg（95%置信区间[95%CI]：0.22，7.44），舒张压高出2.36 mmHg（95%CI：-0.06，4.78）。在整个研究期间，室内PM每增加10 μg/m³，收缩压升高1.34 mmHg（95%CI：0.39，2.29），舒张压升高0.71 mmHg（95%CI：0.07，1.35）。我们观察到，受野火影响的天数和家庭层面PM浓度的增加与家中血压升高有关。我们的结果支持了越来越多的文献，这些文献表明野火会对亚临床心血管健康产生不利影响。临床和公共卫生信息应强调野火烟雾对心血管健康的影响，并就减少暴露的策略（如室内空气过滤）进行教育。
