Department of Public Health and Population Science, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA.
Center for Population Health Research, School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA.
Indoor Air. 2022 Jun;32(6):e13060. doi: 10.1111/ina.13060.
Wildfire activity is increasing in parts of the world where extreme drought and warming temperatures contribute to fireprone conditions, including the western United States. The elderly are among the most vulnerable, and those in long-term care with preexisting conditions have added risk for adverse health outcomes from wildfire smoke exposure. In this study, we report continuous co-located indoor and outdoor fine particulate matter (PM ) measurements at four skilled nursing facilities in the western United States. Throughout the year 2020, over 8000 h of data were collected, which amounted to approximately 300 days of indoor and outdoor sampling at each facility. The highest indoor 24 h average PM recorded at each facility was 43.6 µg/m , 103.2 µg/m , 35.4 µg/m , and 202.5 µg/m , and these peaks occurred during the wildfire season. The indoor-to-outdoor PM ratio and calculated infiltration efficiencies indicated high variation in the impact of wildfire events on Indoor Air Quality between the four facilities. Notably, infiltration efficiency ranged from 0.22 to 0.76 across the four facilities. We propose that this variability is evidence that PM infiltration may be impacted by modifiable building characteristics and human behavioral factors, and this should be addressed in future studies.
世界部分地区野火活动日益频繁，这些地区极度干旱和气温升高导致火灾频发，包括美国西部。老年人是最脆弱的群体之一，而长期护理机构中患有基础疾病的老年人因暴露于野火烟雾而导致不良健康后果的风险增加。在这项研究中，我们报告了在美国西部的四个熟练护理设施中连续进行的室内和室外细颗粒物（PM ）的共定位测量。在 2020 年全年，共收集了超过 8000 小时的数据，相当于每个设施大约 300 天的室内和室外采样。每个设施记录的最高室内 24 小时平均 PM 为 43.6µg/m 、103.2µg/m 、35.4µg/m 、202.5µg/m ，这些峰值出现在野火季节。室内到室外 PM 的比值和计算出的渗透率表明，四个设施之间野火事件对室内空气质量的影响存在很大差异。值得注意的是，渗透率在四个设施之间的范围从 0.22 到 0.76。我们提出，这种可变性表明 PM 的渗透可能受到可修改的建筑特征和人类行为因素的影响，这应该在未来的研究中得到解决。
