Reicher S, Emler N
Br J Soc Psychol. 1985 Sep;24 ( Pt 3):161-8. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8309.1985.tb00677.x.
A scale was developed to assess attitudes towards formal authority in the school and in the public domain (police and law). Data derived from a sample of young adolescents (13 years) indicated that attitudes towards authority in these two domains were highly rated (r = 0.57, P less than 0.001). Factor analysis yielded four interpretable factors--alienation from the institutional system, belief in the absolute priority of rules, perception of the bias vs. impartiality of authorities, and personal relationship to school life--accounting for 47.6, 13.9, 9.3 and 8.0 per cent of common variance respectively. Both overall attitude scores and factor scores were significantly related to self-reported delinquencies. Finally, covariance analysis of the results indicated that the attitude variable accounted for a substantial proportion of the sex difference in delinquency.
开发了一种量表来评估对学校和公共领域（警察与法律）中正式权威的态度。从青少年样本（13岁）得出的数据表明，对这两个领域中权威的态度得分很高（r = 0.57，P小于0.001）。因子分析产生了四个可解释的因子——与制度体系的疏离、对规则绝对优先性的信念、对权威偏见与公正性的认知以及与学校生活的个人关系——分别占共同方差的47.6%、13.9%、9.3%和8.0%。总体态度得分和因子得分均与自我报告的犯罪行为显著相关。最后，对结果的协方差分析表明，态度变量在犯罪行为的性别差异中占很大比例。
