Synthesis and anti-mycobacterial activity of novel medium-chain β-lactone derivatives: a multi-target strategy to combat .

The constant emergence of drug-resistant mycobacteria, together with the lack of new antibiotics entering the market, has become a global public health problem that threatens the effective treatment of infectious diseases. The development of single molecules targeting different proteins should significantly reduce the emergence of resistant strains, and therefore represent a promising strategy to overcome such an issue. In this challenging context, a new series of 30 lipophilic compounds based on the β-lactone-core has been synthesized by varying the nature of the substituents on the lactone ring. The evaluation of their antibacterial activity against and , two major pathogenic mycobacteria, highlighted potential candidates. The VM038, VM040 and VM045 were active only against , while VM025, VM026 and VM043 inhibited the growth of both and the S and R variants of . Competitive click chemistry activity-based protein profiling revealed several potential target enzymes of VM043, the best extracellular growth inhibitor. Finally, when tested against intracellular bacteria, although VM043 was found inactive, VM025 & VM026 proved to be potent and promising inhibitors of intramacrophagic growth with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) comparable to the standard antibiotic imipenem. Overall, these results strengthen the added value of our VM β-lactone derivatives not only in the fight against pathogenic mycobacteria, leading to the arrest of and/or growth through multitarget enzyme inhibition, but also as efficient probes to identify novel potential therapeutic targets using chemoproteomics approaches.