[Brain imaging and the first success of precision psychiatry].

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to investigate the neurobiological basis of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, autism spectrum disorders and resistant depression. Although differences in cortical thickness between patients and controls have been well demonstrated, there is currently no valid MRI-based biomarker for psychiatric disorders. The challenge of precision psychiatry is to develop biomarkers, that are specific for a given pathology or clinical dimension, but also capable of predicting clinical evolution or response to treatment, to transform patient management. Functional magnetic resonance imaging could also be a promising tool for the individualized targeting of non-invasive neuromodulation in depression or resistant hallucinations, as well as for functional magnetic resonance imaging-based neurofeedback.